{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176894913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saci51354.2021.9465555","title":"Hungarian Traffic Sign Detection and Classification using Semi-Supervised Learning","display_name":"Hungarian Traffic Sign Detection and Classification using Semi-Supervised Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176894913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saci51354.2021.9465555","mag":"3176894913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/saci51354.2021.9465555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saci51354.2021.9465555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021051122","display_name":"Levente Kov\u00e1cs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3188-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103356709","display_name":"Obuda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ax71d21","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Levente Kovacs","raw_affiliation_strings":["John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, \u00d3buda University, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, \u00d3buda University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084426852","display_name":"G\u00e1bor Kert\u00e9sz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-8301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103356709","display_name":"Obuda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ax71d21","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabor Kertesz","raw_affiliation_strings":["John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, \u00d3buda University, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, \u00d3buda University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021051122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37511438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"000437","last_page":"000442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7612980604171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6906520128250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6742153167724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6263359785079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.5611523389816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.535603940486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.5031720995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.48264795541763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.47856810688972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.4777088165283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4761902391910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.44668328762054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-training","display_name":"Co-training","score":0.4123309552669525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33918264508247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.13585764169692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08233481645584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0705939531326294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7612980604171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6906520128250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6742153167724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6263359785079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.5611523389816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.535603940486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5031720995903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.48264795541763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.47856810688972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.4777088165283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4761902391910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.44668328762054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776959682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005296","display_name":"Co-training","level":3,"score":0.4123309552669525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33918264508247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.13585764169692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08233481645584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0705939531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/saci51354.2021.9465555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/saci51354.2021.9465555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200726266","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1593511863","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1977610018","https://openalex.org/W1978736542","https://openalex.org/W2002427601","https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2117876524","https://openalex.org/W2126628495","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2183182206","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2419597278","https://openalex.org/W2466381818","https://openalex.org/W2479866714","https://openalex.org/W2603097582","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2732426119","https://openalex.org/W2800292742","https://openalex.org/W2908698261","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2954540134","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963465221","https://openalex.org/W2979395867","https://openalex.org/W2981952041","https://openalex.org/W2989219518","https://openalex.org/W2989929945","https://openalex.org/W2990873191","https://openalex.org/W3009782037","https://openalex.org/W3021542222","https://openalex.org/W3022146783","https://openalex.org/W3035406940","https://openalex.org/W3040318838","https://openalex.org/W3043773733","https://openalex.org/W3093579165","https://openalex.org/W3097722521","https://openalex.org/W3110002552","https://openalex.org/W3128014348","https://openalex.org/W3157685993","https://openalex.org/W4230771168","https://openalex.org/W4367030119","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6628973269","https://openalex.org/W6631782140","https://openalex.org/W6632100814","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6717177883","https://openalex.org/W6740895095","https://openalex.org/W6763015118","https://openalex.org/W6765696844","https://openalex.org/W6775229056","https://openalex.org/W6776778719","https://openalex.org/W6784614252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133556223","https://openalex.org/W1520691178","https://openalex.org/W2186473728","https://openalex.org/W4312414840","https://openalex.org/W34092691","https://openalex.org/W2891078859","https://openalex.org/W192740413","https://openalex.org/W2131153761","https://openalex.org/W60792937","https://openalex.org/W2059598258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semi-supervised":[0],"learning":[1,33],"is":[2,54,92],"a":[3,12,31,37,71,89],"special":[4],"way":[5],"to":[6,41,56,68,84],"improve":[7],"the":[8,52,57,63],"classification":[9,51],"performance":[10],"of":[11,46,60,73,96],"model":[13],"where":[14,94],"labeled":[15],"data":[16,29],"are":[17,76,99],"not":[18,80],"available.":[19],"By":[20],"using":[21],"unlabeled":[22],"observations":[23],"and":[24,50,62,102],"handling":[25],"them":[26],"as":[27,42,104],"training":[28,105],"in":[30],"transfer":[32],"buildup,":[34],"we":[35],"get":[36],"structure":[38],"often":[39],"referred":[40],"self-supervision.":[43],"In":[44],"case":[45],"traffic":[47],"sign":[48],"detection":[49],"task":[53],"complicated":[55],"large":[58],"number":[59,72],"tables":[61],"different":[64],"representations":[65],"from":[66],"country":[67],"country.":[69],"While":[70],"public":[74],"datasets":[75],"available,":[77],"these":[78],"might":[79],"give":[81],"satisfying":[82],"performance;":[83],"deal":[85],"with":[86],"this":[87],"issue,":[88],"semi-supervised":[90],"method":[91],"presented":[93],"frames":[95],"dashcam":[97],"recordings":[98],"automatically":[100],"annotated":[101],"reused":[103],"samples.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}