{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321488860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws55624.2023.10046347","title":"True Time Delay-based Alignment for All-digital Beamforming Transmitters","display_name":"True Time Delay-based Alignment for All-digital Beamforming Transmitters","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321488860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws55624.2023.10046347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rws55624.2023.10046347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws55624.2023.10046347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111365439","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Filipe Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1826-8059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lu\u00eds Filipe Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021198844","display_name":"Samuel Santos Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9860-224X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel S. Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005531194","display_name":"Ivo Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1141-9822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivo Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036448295","display_name":"Ricardo Correia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3767-4538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Correia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072560197","display_name":"Miguel V. Drummond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-3304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Drummond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087676170","display_name":"Arnaldo S. R. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-3456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnaldo S. R. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067354837","display_name":"Nuno Borges Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-2099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. B. Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações,Aveiro,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111365439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2836,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51485756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"122","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7764675617218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.672144889831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4457198977470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33022141456604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2653477191925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12780743837356567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7764675617218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.672144889831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4457198977470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33022141456604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2653477191925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12780743837356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rws55624.2023.10046347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws55624.2023.10046347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1307399939","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/144758/2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762232043","https://openalex.org/W2885971266","https://openalex.org/W2887583858","https://openalex.org/W3203705502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965359035","https://openalex.org/W2014175066","https://openalex.org/W2984341473","https://openalex.org/W4287870536","https://openalex.org/W3044999109","https://openalex.org/W2800467746","https://openalex.org/W43112214","https://openalex.org/W3004587954","https://openalex.org/W2999519119","https://openalex.org/W3107745879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,64],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,43,54,78],"digital":[4],"True":[5],"Time":[6],"Delay":[7],"(TTD)":[8],"approach":[9,65],"for":[10,69],"runtime":[11],"alignment":[12],"and":[13,35],"phase":[14],"control":[15,37],"of":[16,45],"the":[17,39,51],"Multi-Gigabit":[18],"Transceivers":[19],"(MGTs)":[20],"channels":[21,33,71],"used":[22,72],"in":[23,73],"all-digital":[24],"beamforming":[25],"transmitters.":[26],"The":[27],"developed":[28],"TTD":[29],"module":[30,52],"achieved":[31],"multiple":[32,70],"synchronization":[34],"direct":[36],"over":[38],"individual":[40],"delays":[41],"with":[42],"resolution":[44],"one":[46],"MGT":[47],"sample":[48],"period.":[49],"Furthermore,":[50],"requires":[53],"low":[55],"resource":[56],"utilization":[57],"on":[58],"Field":[59],"Programmable":[60],"Gate":[61],"Arrays":[62],"(FPGAs).":[63],"is":[66],"highly":[67],"scalable":[68],"antenna":[74],"arrays,":[75],"requiring":[76],"only":[77],"single":[79],"All-Digital":[80],"Encoder":[81],"(ADE).":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}