{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791331330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2018.8304988","title":"Millimeter-wave to microwave MIMO relays (M4R) for 5G building penetration communications","display_name":"Millimeter-wave to microwave MIMO relays (M4R) for 5G building penetration communications","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791331330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2018.8304988","mag":"2791331330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rws.2018.8304988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2018.8304988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101663494","display_name":"Rui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-5585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, LA, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, LA, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047667450","display_name":"Yuanxun Ethan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-0559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanxun Ethan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, LA, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, LA, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736916","display_name":"Qiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-8681"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ax-End Corporation, Playa Vista, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ax-End Corporation, Playa Vista, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025460672","display_name":"Yaozhong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-2025"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaozhong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ax-End Corporation, Playa Vista, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ax-End Corporation, Playa Vista, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012255956","display_name":"Yuexing David Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuexing David Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ax-End Corporation, Playa Vista, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ax-End Corporation, Playa Vista, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101663494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7527935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"66 6","issue":null,"first_page":"206","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7134257555007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6373323798179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.623275876045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6177632808685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5948894023895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5620187520980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5575705170631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.5220520496368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.4996042251586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.48441511392593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/super-high-frequency","display_name":"Super high frequency","score":0.48410260677337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.43223869800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-transmission","display_name":"Microwave transmission","score":0.43004193902015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4284823536872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34312868118286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3411712646484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3317805528640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2573629915714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.21153545379638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.20729714632034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15043851733207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-antenna","display_name":"Slot antenna","score":0.11126211285591125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7134257555007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6373323798179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.623275876045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6177632808685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5948894023895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5620187520980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5575705170631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.5220520496368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.4996042251586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.48441511392593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163365981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189899","display_name":"Super high frequency","level":5,"score":0.48410260677337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.43223869800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1705053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747066","display_name":"Microwave transmission","level":3,"score":0.43004193902015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4284823536872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34312868118286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3411712646484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3317805528640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2573629915714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.21153545379638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.20729714632034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15043851733207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109026120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369099","display_name":"Slot antenna","level":4,"score":0.11126211285591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rws.2018.8304988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2018.8304988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W757023032","https://openalex.org/W1998749973","https://openalex.org/W2166625423","https://openalex.org/W2336775896","https://openalex.org/W2532930308","https://openalex.org/W2557773670","https://openalex.org/W2729225510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902017755","https://openalex.org/W2953223428","https://openalex.org/W4307482984","https://openalex.org/W2374383061","https://openalex.org/W4404057968","https://openalex.org/W2467545610","https://openalex.org/W568789873","https://openalex.org/W1643689705","https://openalex.org/W3214851825","https://openalex.org/W3139731497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"5G":[0],"communication":[1],"systems":[2],"promise":[3],"high":[4,39,125,192],"data":[5,13,162],"rates":[6],"over":[7],"Gbits/S":[8],"and":[9,42,109,113,147,158,166,176,186],"minimum":[10],"delay":[11],"in":[12,65,119,139,161,173],"transfer.":[14],"Millimeter":[15],"wave":[16,52],"band,":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,28,96,123,133,141,151,195],"its":[20,75],"abundant":[21,116],"spectrum":[22],"that":[23,178],"is":[24,26,79,132,171],"available,":[25],"considered":[27],"be":[29],"the":[30,38,61,66,82,103,110,114,120,183,188],"key":[31],"enabling":[32],"technique":[33],"for":[34,57,191],"such":[35],"links.":[36,128],"However,":[37],"propagation":[40],"loss":[41],"poor":[43],"penetration":[44,112],"through":[45,72],"obstacles":[46],"of":[47,94,106,155,169],"electromagnetic":[48],"waves":[49],"at":[50],"millimeter":[51],"(mmWave)":[53],"makes":[54],"it":[55],"difficult":[56],"outdoor-to-indoor":[58],"communication.":[59],"On":[60],"other":[62],"hand,":[63],"signals":[64],"microwave":[67,97,121,149],"band":[68,122],"can":[69],"easily":[70],"penetrate":[71],"buildings,":[73],"but":[74],"single":[76],"channel":[77,189],"capacity":[78,190],"limited":[80],"by":[81],"narrow":[83],"available":[84],"bandwidth.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87,174],"article,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"a":[91],"new":[92],"method":[93],"mmWave":[95,107,145],"MIMO":[98,148],"relay":[99,137],"(M4R)":[100],"which":[101],"combines":[102],"broad":[104],"bandwidth":[105],"link":[108,167,184],"better":[111],"more":[115],"spatial":[117],"channels":[118,146,150],"form":[124],"speed":[126,193],"wireless":[127],"The":[129],"essential":[130],"idea":[131],"use":[134],"frequency":[135,143],"translational":[136],"units":[138],"RF":[140],"connect":[142],"multiplexing":[144],"realize":[152],"seamless":[153],"pathway":[154],"information":[156],"flow":[157],"avoid":[159],"bottleneck":[160],"traffic.":[163],"System":[164],"principle":[165],"budget":[168],"M4R":[170,179],"discussed":[172],"article":[175],"shows":[177],"may":[180],"significantly":[181],"improve":[182],"performance":[185],"maximize":[187],"outdoor":[194],"indoor":[196],"communications.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}