{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4247866817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2018.8304965","title":"77 GHz radar-based altimeter for unmanned aerial vehicles","display_name":"77 GHz radar-based altimeter for unmanned aerial vehicles","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4247866817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2018.8304965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rws.2018.8304965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2018.8304965","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022730476","display_name":"Philipp H\u00fcgler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2961-886X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Hugler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110458501","display_name":"Martin Geiger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Geiger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048233311","display_name":"Christian Waldschmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Waldschmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81254514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"129","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-altimeter","display_name":"Radar altimeter","score":0.8374001979827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.7795913219451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7574613094329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.7019206285476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6456974148750305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6051873564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5102615356445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-radar","display_name":"3D radar","score":0.44231608510017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4316396415233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.42987293004989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.42889320850372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.41550207138061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.3372932970523834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.31227803230285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20326977968215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.18908622860908508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.176183819770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16839608550071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09681987762451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.050802648067474365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104030","display_name":"Radar altimeter","level":3,"score":0.8374001979827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.7795913219451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7574613094329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.7019206285476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6456974148750305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6051873564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5102615356445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.44231608510017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4316396415233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.42987293004989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.42889320850372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41550207138061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.3372932970523834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.31227803230285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20326977968215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.18908622860908508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.176183819770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16839608550071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09681987762451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.050802648067474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rws.2018.8304965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2018.8304965","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026822399","https://openalex.org/W2611214751","https://openalex.org/W4245967256","https://openalex.org/W4246573418","https://openalex.org/W6683961803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057250073","https://openalex.org/W2103011224","https://openalex.org/W2088291986","https://openalex.org/W1895196404","https://openalex.org/W2154228978","https://openalex.org/W1590893134","https://openalex.org/W2086035138","https://openalex.org/W2983603732","https://openalex.org/W2017804241","https://openalex.org/W2161389504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"multi-copter":[1],"unmanned":[2],"aerial":[3],"vehicles":[4],"(UAVs)":[5],"sensing":[6],"of":[7,78],"the":[8,32,37,48,60],"actual":[9,61],"altitude":[10,26,33,62],"is":[11,81],"an":[12],"important":[13],"task.":[14],"Many":[15],"functions":[16],"providing":[17],"increased":[18],"flight":[19],"safety":[20],"and":[21,71,88],"easy":[22],"maneuverability":[23],"rely":[24],"on":[25],"data.":[27],"Commonly":[28],"used":[29],"sensors":[30],"provide":[31],"only":[34,59],"relative":[35],"to":[36],"starting":[38],"position,":[39],"or":[40],"are":[41],"limited":[42],"in":[43,55],"range":[44],"and/or":[45],"resolution.":[46],"With":[47],"77":[49],"GHz":[50],"FMCW":[51],"radar-based":[52],"altimeter":[53],"presented":[54],"this":[56,79],"paper":[57],"not":[58],"over":[63,85],"ground":[64],"but":[65],"also":[66],"obstacles":[67],"such":[68],"as":[69],"trees":[70],"bushes":[72],"can":[73],"be":[74],"detected.":[75],"The":[76],"capability":[77],"solution":[80],"verified":[82],"by":[83],"measurements":[84],"different":[86],"terrain":[87],"vegetation.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}