{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039543719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2014.6830125","title":"A 5-level efficient IFPWM power coding approach encoding LTE for class-S digital-RF transmitter with distortion correction","display_name":"A 5-level efficient IFPWM power coding approach encoding LTE for class-S digital-RF transmitter with distortion correction","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039543719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2014.6830125","mag":"2039543719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rws.2014.6830125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2014.6830125","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063958698","display_name":"Qiuyao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-4179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiuyao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, United States","Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020828228","display_name":"Rui Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-6754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, United States","Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113666402","display_name":"Chunjie Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunjie Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, United States","Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101830457","display_name":"Kenji Mukai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9195-9318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854257","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ccqwj03","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I39854257","https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133125","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/033y26782","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]}],"countries":["DE","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Mukai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Information Technology R&D Center, Kamakura, Japan","[Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Information Technology R&D Center, Kamakura, Japan]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Information Technology R&D Center, Kamakura, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Information Technology R&D Center, Kamakura, Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062882011","display_name":"Shintaro Shinjo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2825-4750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854257","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ccqwj03","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I39854257","https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133125","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/033y26782","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]}],"countries":["DE","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shintaro Shinjo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Information Technology R&D Center, Kamakura, Japan","[Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Information Technology R&D Center, Kamakura, Japan]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Information Technology R&D Center, Kamakura, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Information Technology R&D Center, Kamakura, Japan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075760981","display_name":"Koon Hoo Teo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-0655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koon Hoo Teo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, United States","Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063958698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68200483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"184","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7776979207992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6769592761993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6683892011642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5495778322219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.48514923453330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-transmitter-design","display_name":"Radio transmitter design","score":0.4456230700016022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.44215163588523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4112175405025482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35224443674087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.316805899143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21180519461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.21130886673927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13610443472862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.0906420350074768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7776979207992554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6769592761993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6683892011642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5495778322219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.48514923453330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142031617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105437","display_name":"Radio transmitter design","level":4,"score":0.4456230700016022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.44215163588523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4112175405025482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35224443674087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.316805899143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21180519461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.21130886673927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13610443472862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0906420350074768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rws.2014.6830125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rws.2014.6830125","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.570.98","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.570.98","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.merl.com/publications/docs/TR2014-003.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496868087","https://openalex.org/W2055408144","https://openalex.org/W2099584323","https://openalex.org/W2120976648","https://openalex.org/W2166563786","https://openalex.org/W6629616531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2297373918","https://openalex.org/W2103957343","https://openalex.org/W2781632163","https://openalex.org/W2325128397","https://openalex.org/W3108779102","https://openalex.org/W2955416690","https://openalex.org/W2780500945","https://openalex.org/W2353434840","https://openalex.org/W2355407929","https://openalex.org/W2350161837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,98],"this":[1,72,129],"work,":[2],"for":[3],"the":[4,35,69,108,115,119,126,131],"first":[5],"time":[6],"we":[7],"propose":[8],"a":[9,22,42,50,86,100,138],"multi-level":[10],"intermediate":[11],"frequency":[12,81],"pulse":[13,25],"width":[14],"modulation":[15],"(ML-IFPWM)":[16],"power":[17,44,74,123,134],"coding":[18,45,75,135],"approach":[19,136],"to":[20,112],"generate":[21],"high":[23,43],"speed":[24],"train":[26],"as":[27],"input":[28],"of":[29,41,47,62,82,122,153],"GHz":[30,149],"class-S":[31],"switch-mode":[32],"PA":[33],"in":[34,92,107,137],"digital-RF":[36,109],"transmitter.":[37],"The":[38],"key":[39],"feature":[40],"efficiency":[46],"68.5%":[48],"from":[49],"5-level":[51],"digitally":[52],"implemented":[53],"discrete-time":[54],"(DT)-PWM":[55],"quantizer":[56],"encoding":[57,144],"20-MHz":[58,145],"LTE":[59,146],"signal":[60],"(PAR":[61],"10.25-dB)":[63],"is":[64,105,130],"verified":[65],"by":[66,118],"simulation.":[67],"Unlike":[68],"traditional":[70],"RFPWM,":[71],"new":[73],"process":[76],"taking":[77],"place":[78],"at":[79,147],"IF":[80],"100":[83],"MHz,":[84],"offers":[85],"higher":[87],"over-sampling":[88],"ratio":[89],"thus":[90],"resulting":[91],"an":[93],"improved":[94],"output":[95],"spectrum":[96],"purity.":[97],"addition,":[99],"look-up-table":[101],"based":[102],"linearization":[103],"unit":[104],"introduced":[106],"transmitter":[110],"architecture":[111],"specifically":[113],"correct":[114],"distortion":[116],"caused":[117],"nonlinear":[120],"transformation":[121],"encoder.":[124],"To":[125],"author's":[127],"knowledge,":[128],"most":[132],"efficient":[133],"digital":[139],"implementation":[140],"reported":[141],"so":[142],"far":[143],"2":[148],"with":[150],"low":[151],"EVM":[152],"4.1%.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
