{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415625233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi64020.2025.11212609","title":"A Single Subject Machine Learning Based Classification of Motor Imagery EEGs","display_name":"A Single Subject Machine Learning Based Classification of Motor Imagery EEGs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415625233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi64020.2025.11212609"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtsi64020.2025.11212609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi64020.2025.11212609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 9th Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066474600","display_name":"Dario Sanalitro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9260-3161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dario Sanalitro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,DIEEI,Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering,Catania,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,DIEEI,Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114186573","display_name":"Marco Finocchiaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2458-986X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Finocchiaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,DIEEI,Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering,Catania,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,DIEEI,Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092190364","display_name":"Emanuela Cutuli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4187-8359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuela Cutuli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,DIEEI,Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering,Catania,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,DIEEI,Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064159879","display_name":"Pasquale Memmolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-7728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091512","display_name":"Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/00be3zh53","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091512","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Memmolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISASI,Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti \"E. Caianiello\",Pozzuoli,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISASI,Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti \"E. Caianiello\",Pozzuoli,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091512"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039937802","display_name":"Maide Bucolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4867-0620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maide Bucolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,DIEEI,Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering,Catania,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,DIEEI,Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Science Engineering,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066474600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6044,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87176649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"108","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.670799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.6543999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.36059999465942383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7214000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7124000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.670799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.6543999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6219000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14669888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4014850","display_name":"Creative visualization","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtsi64020.2025.11212609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi64020.2025.11212609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 9th Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967167074","https://openalex.org/W1970242638","https://openalex.org/W2084204380","https://openalex.org/W2089598398","https://openalex.org/W2116308679","https://openalex.org/W2146978355","https://openalex.org/W2152119085","https://openalex.org/W2551178936","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2611482981","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2783689759","https://openalex.org/W2954055669","https://openalex.org/W2955714720","https://openalex.org/W3003459817","https://openalex.org/W3091791027","https://openalex.org/W3137652935","https://openalex.org/W3193449393","https://openalex.org/W3196839637","https://openalex.org/W3206495896","https://openalex.org/W4207027818","https://openalex.org/W4280510885","https://openalex.org/W4286587846","https://openalex.org/W4302045803","https://openalex.org/W4315436028","https://openalex.org/W4384825423"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motor":[0],"Imagery-Based":[1],"Brain-Computer":[2],"Interfaces":[3],"(MI-BCIs)":[4],"are":[5,155],"systems":[6,175],"that":[7,52,93,154,166],"detect":[8],"and":[9,21,69,79,114,149],"interpret":[10],"brain":[11],"activity":[12],"patterns":[13],"linked":[14],"to":[15,39,151],"the":[16,37,60,73,75,157,160],"mental":[17],"visualization":[18],"of":[19,46,62,77,96,110,125,178],"movement,":[20],"then":[22],"translate":[23],"these":[24],"into":[25],"instructions":[26],"for":[27,100,122],"controlling":[28],"external":[29],"robotic":[30],"or":[31],"domotic":[32],"devices.":[33],"Such":[34],"devices":[35],"have":[36],"potential":[38],"be":[40,171],"useful":[41],"in":[42,176,185],"a":[43,50,67,90,123,130,135],"broad":[44],"variety":[45],"applications.":[47],"While":[48],"implementing":[49],"system":[51],"would":[53],"help":[54],"individuals":[55],"restore":[56],"some":[57],"freedom":[58],"levels,":[59],"interpretation":[61],"(Electroencephalography)":[63],"EEG":[64,103],"data":[65],"remains":[66],"complex":[68],"unsolved":[70],"problem.":[71],"In":[72],"literature,":[74],"classification":[76,181],"left":[78,113],"right":[80],"imagined":[81,115],"movements":[82],"has":[83,145],"been":[84,146],"extensively":[85],"studied.":[86],"This":[87],"study":[88],"introduces":[89],"novel":[91],"pipeline":[92],"makes":[94],"use":[95],"machine":[97],"learning":[98],"techniques":[99],"classifying":[101],"MI":[102,131],"data.":[104],"The":[105,143,163],"entire":[106],"framework":[107,169],"is":[108],"capable":[109],"accurately":[111],"categorizing":[112],"motions,":[116],"as":[117,119],"well":[118],"rest":[120],"phases,":[121],"set":[124],"52":[126],"subjects":[127],"who":[128],"performed":[129],"task.":[132],"We":[133],"trained":[134],"within":[136],"subject":[137],"model":[138],"on":[139],"each":[140],"individual":[141],"subject.":[142],"methodology":[144],"o\ufb04ine":[147],"evaluated":[148],"compared":[150],"four":[152],"studies":[153],"currently":[156],"state-of-the-art":[158],"regarding":[159],"specified":[161],"dataset.":[162],"results":[164],"show":[165],"our":[167],"proposed":[168],"could":[170],"used":[172],"with":[173],"MI-BCI":[174],"light":[177],"its":[179],"failsafe":[180],"performances,":[182],"i.e.":[183],"99.5%":[184],"accuracy.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-29T00:00:00"}