{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2763716974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065936","title":"Laser hardening of steel sintered parts","display_name":"Laser hardening of steel sintered parts","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2763716974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065936","mag":"2763716974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498155","display_name":"2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1176470","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090481757","display_name":"Paolo Veronesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-6495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Veronesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080766302","display_name":"Ramona Sola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0951-5863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048106714","display_name":"Elena Colombini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0268-8027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Colombini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049871258","display_name":"Roberto Giovanardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0037-2499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Giovanardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064756765","display_name":"Gian Battista Parigi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-5171"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Parigi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stav Barberino del Mugello (FI), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stav Barberino del Mugello (FI), Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090481757"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55562375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11143","display_name":"High Entropy Alloys Studies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8598107695579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardening","display_name":"Hardening (computing)","score":0.7248244285583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-electron-microscope","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","score":0.6159430146217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.6146910786628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.5486222505569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decarburization","display_name":"Decarburization","score":0.5466786026954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alloy","display_name":"Alloy","score":0.5172922611236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation-hardening","display_name":"Precipitation hardening","score":0.45368894934654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-microscope","display_name":"Optical microscope","score":0.44607946276664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.37528446316719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1803167164325714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8598107695579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44255700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978423","display_name":"Hardening (computing)","level":3,"score":0.7248244285583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.6159430146217346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6146910786628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5486222505569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89742000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838577","display_name":"Decarburization","level":2,"score":0.5466786026954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.5172922611236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154634170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779974","display_name":"Precipitation hardening","level":3,"score":0.45368894934654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77017923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912313","display_name":"Optical microscope","level":3,"score":0.44607946276664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.37528446316719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1803167164325714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498155","display_name":"2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1176470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1176470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1176470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1176470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W359075216","https://openalex.org/W1994417849","https://openalex.org/W1998246649","https://openalex.org/W2015475188","https://openalex.org/W2022854856","https://openalex.org/W2074209384","https://openalex.org/W2282709494","https://openalex.org/W2589926167","https://openalex.org/W2593339248","https://openalex.org/W2759476419","https://openalex.org/W2802155907","https://openalex.org/W6612188736","https://openalex.org/W6744712571","https://openalex.org/W7020386453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605529244","https://openalex.org/W434299268","https://openalex.org/W2314152854","https://openalex.org/W2516213939","https://openalex.org/W2344991276","https://openalex.org/W2016725061","https://openalex.org/W2067742091","https://openalex.org/W2605773388","https://openalex.org/W2605639525","https://openalex.org/W2393651906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,91,147,173,190,214],"possibility":[1],"of":[2,56,59,67,94,175,203,209],"applying":[3],"rapid":[4],"and":[5,122,153,186,218],"localized":[6],"laser":[7,96,160,212],"hardening":[8,48,201,235],"to":[9,182,187,227],"near-net":[10],"shape":[11],"parts,":[12],"like":[13],"the":[14,54,57,60,83,95,106,133,144,207,219],"ones":[15],"deriving":[16],"from":[17,143,159],"powder":[18],"metallurgy":[19],"(P/M)":[20],"is":[21,198],"investigated,":[22],"demonstrating":[23],"that":[24,193],"even":[25],"low":[26,141],"alloyed":[27],"steels":[28,98],"(Fe":[29],"+":[30,33],"2%":[31],"Cu":[32],"0,7%":[34],"C)":[35],"can":[36,225],"be":[37],"successfully":[38],"heat":[39],"treated":[40],"with":[41,233],"minimal":[42],"or":[43],"no":[44],"dimensional":[45],"variations.":[46],"Laser":[47,194],"conditions":[49],"have":[50,85,99,126],"been":[51,86,100,110,127,166,180],"selected":[52],"on":[53,80,169],"basis":[55],"results":[58],"previous":[61,81],"research,":[62],"carried":[63],"out":[64],"by":[65,88,102,112],"means":[66],"an":[68],"Nd-YAG":[69],"high":[70],"power":[71],"system":[72],"[1].":[73],"To":[74],"avoid":[75,228],"some":[76],"carbon":[77],"loss,":[78],"observed":[79,167],"activities,":[82],"samples":[84],"protected":[87],"neutral":[89],"atmosphere.":[90],"microstructural":[92],"features":[93],"hardened":[97,119,123,145,151,161],"analyzed":[101],"optical":[103],"microscopy,":[104],"whereas":[105],"surface":[107,184],"micro-geometry":[108],"has":[109,165,179],"characterized":[111],"scanning":[113,211],"electron":[114],"microscope.":[115],"Hardened":[116],"depth":[117],"(HD),":[118],"width":[120],"(HW)":[121],"area":[124],"(HA)":[125],"measured":[128],"as":[129],"well.":[130],"As":[131],"expected,":[132],"micro-hardness":[134],"profiles":[135],"present":[136],"a":[137,176,199,210],"sharp":[138],"drop":[139],"at":[140],"distance":[142],"surface.":[146],"typical":[148],"splitting":[149],"between":[150],"zone":[152,155],"heat-affected":[154],"(HAZ),":[156],"well":[157],"known":[158],"fully":[162],"dense":[163],"steels,":[164],"also":[168],"low-alloy":[170],"sintered":[171],"steels.":[172],"use":[174],"protective":[177],"atmosphere":[178],"helpful":[181],"control":[183],"decarburization":[185],"prevent":[188],"oxidation.":[189],"research":[191],"confirm":[192],"transformation":[195],"Hardening":[196],"(LTH)":[197],"suitable":[200],"process":[202],"P/M":[204],"components,":[205],"through":[206],"action":[208],"beam.":[213],"short":[215],"heating":[216],"time":[217],"modest":[220],"volume":[221],"fraction":[222],"structurally":[223],"modified":[224],"contribute":[226],"part":[229],"distortion,":[230],"in":[231],"comparison":[232],"other":[234],"methods.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
