{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2550929906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2016.7745199","title":"Baseline CNN structure analysis for facial expression recognition","display_name":"Baseline CNN structure analysis for facial expression recognition","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2550929906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2016.7745199","mag":"2550929906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/roman.2016.7745199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2016.7745199","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057225987","display_name":"Minchul Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0638-2017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minchul Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Human-Robot, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Human-Robot, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066534802","display_name":"Munsang Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munsang Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Human-Robot, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Human-Robot, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072713763","display_name":"Dong\u2010Soo Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1540-3307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Soo Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Human-Robot, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Human-Robot, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057225987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95675231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"724","last_page":"729"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7424424886703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7410358190536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.704511284828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6823211312294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-histogram-equalization","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","score":0.6246674656867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5779629945755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5536556243896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.547239363193512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5030152201652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.47965529561042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.45978477597236633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.4592643976211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35849058628082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2778511345386505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7424424886703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7410358190536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.704511284828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6823211312294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30387639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680744","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","level":5,"score":0.6246674656867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5779629945755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5536556243896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.547239363193512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5030152201652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.47965529561042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.45978477597236633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4592643976211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35849058628082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2778511345386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/roman.2016.7745199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2016.7745199","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104184427","https://openalex.org/W825525975","https://openalex.org/W2040179990","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2042333532","https://openalex.org/W2051396567","https://openalex.org/W2081835714","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2098514828","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2106115875","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2133180260","https://openalex.org/W2145310492","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2159017231","https://openalex.org/W2162280462","https://openalex.org/W2198512331","https://openalex.org/W2246249023","https://openalex.org/W2294427751","https://openalex.org/W2348379546","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6604254268","https://openalex.org/W6623178044","https://openalex.org/W6670991099","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6687716273","https://openalex.org/W6705387321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057981026","https://openalex.org/W2015321244","https://openalex.org/W2256021896","https://openalex.org/W2122866860","https://openalex.org/W2165297163","https://openalex.org/W2398368608","https://openalex.org/W1583737874","https://openalex.org/W2024449420","https://openalex.org/W1994424557","https://openalex.org/W3084145657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,77,131],"present":[1],"a":[2,109,114,118],"baseline":[3],"convolutional":[4,116],"neural":[5],"network":[6,26,31,96],"(CNN)":[7],"structure":[8,111],"and":[9,72,90,117,137],"image":[10,52,125],"preprocessing":[11,53],"methodology":[12],"to":[13,36],"improve":[14],"facial":[15,41],"expression":[16,42],"recognition":[17],"algorithm":[18],"using":[19],"CNN.":[20],"To":[21],"analyze":[22,138],"the":[23,48,73,92,128,133,139,142],"most":[24,129],"efficient":[25],"structure,":[27],"we":[28,45],"investigated":[29,47],"four":[30],"structures":[32],"that":[33,108],"are":[34],"known":[35],"show":[37],"good":[38],"performance":[39,93],"in":[40],"recognition.":[43],"Moreover,":[44],"also":[46],"effect":[49],"of":[50,57,68,94,113,141],"input":[51,59,88,126],"methods.":[54],"Five":[55],"types":[56],"data":[58,87],"(raw,":[60],"histogram":[61,123],"equalization,":[62],"isotropic":[63],"smoothing,":[64],"diffusion-based":[65],"normalization,":[66],"difference":[67],"Gaussian)":[69],"were":[70],"tested,":[71],"accuracy":[74,144],"was":[75,127],"compared.":[76],"trained":[78],"20":[79],"different":[80,102],"CNN":[81],"models":[82],"(4":[83],"networks":[84],"\u00d7":[85],"5":[86],"types)":[89],"verified":[91],"each":[95],"with":[97,122],"test":[98,143],"images":[99],"from":[100],"five":[101],"databases.":[103],"The":[104],"experiment":[105],"result":[106,140],"showed":[107],"three-layer":[110],"consisting":[112],"simple":[115],"max":[119],"pooling":[120],"layer":[121],"equalization":[124],"efficient.":[130],"describe":[132],"detailed":[134],"training":[135],"procedure":[136],"based":[145],"on":[146],"considerable":[147],"observation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T08:12:03.925757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
