{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2061612035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2014.6926363","title":"Real time modeling of the cognitive load of an Urban Search And Rescue robot operator","display_name":"Real time modeling of the cognitive load of an Urban Search And Rescue robot operator","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2061612035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2014.6926363","mag":"2061612035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/roman.2014.6926363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2014.6926363","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018736941","display_name":"Thomas R. Colin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6244-326X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas R. Colin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018195102","display_name":"Nanja Smets","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanja J.J.M. Smets","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047888971","display_name":"Tina Mioch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2457-5872"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Mioch","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052182362","display_name":"Mark A. Neerincx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-5722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Neerincx","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands","The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4873,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88701518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"874","last_page":"879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9200999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-search-and-rescue","display_name":"Urban search and rescue","score":0.6761562824249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6734672784805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.6372206211090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6101869344711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.6094608306884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5496731996536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5463058352470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5367110967636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.45308956503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rescue-robot","display_name":"Rescue robot","score":0.44190821051597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-architecture","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","score":0.4328318238258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.4101465940475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3579503297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.3070949614048004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21023553609848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12840700149536133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777811059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253257","display_name":"Urban search and rescue","level":4,"score":0.6761562824249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6734672784805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6372206211090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6101869344711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.6094608306884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5496731996536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5463058352470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5367110967636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.45308956503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17006198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315030","display_name":"Rescue robot","level":4,"score":0.44190821051597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20854674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386060","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","level":3,"score":0.4328318238258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.4101465940475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3579503297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.3070949614048004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21023553609848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12840700149536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/roman.2014.6926363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2014.6926363","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oai-pmh.tno.nl:41295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.tno.nl/uuid:f639966a-88a5-4d8b-9cf6-09e55fb5f764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055233","display_name":"TNO Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:f639966a-88a5-4d8b-9cf6-09e55fb5f764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f639966a-88a5-4d8b-9cf6-09e55fb5f764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402238","display_name":"Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Loureiro, R.Nagai, Y.Sabanovic, S.Tanaka, F.Alissandrakis, A.Tapus, A, 2014 RO-MAN: The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 874-879","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"},{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570596993","https://openalex.org/W1713391291","https://openalex.org/W1921393489","https://openalex.org/W1979426194","https://openalex.org/W1989962196","https://openalex.org/W2009955724","https://openalex.org/W2015629195","https://openalex.org/W2020957488","https://openalex.org/W2068400069","https://openalex.org/W2080505358","https://openalex.org/W2082496272","https://openalex.org/W2110795172","https://openalex.org/W2115436173","https://openalex.org/W2121284174","https://openalex.org/W2125445450","https://openalex.org/W2129487728","https://openalex.org/W2131323972","https://openalex.org/W2151687179","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2167557160","https://openalex.org/W2167666016","https://openalex.org/W2174896420","https://openalex.org/W2330394042","https://openalex.org/W3043508592","https://openalex.org/W4229763216","https://openalex.org/W4254059477","https://openalex.org/W6640426081","https://openalex.org/W6780484011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117893626","https://openalex.org/W1488897159","https://openalex.org/W257921636","https://openalex.org/W2065470608","https://openalex.org/W1569507744","https://openalex.org/W2740822352","https://openalex.org/W1979426194","https://openalex.org/W2543684242","https://openalex.org/W2513661165","https://openalex.org/W2163364317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"Search":[1],"And":[2],"Rescue":[3],"(USAR)":[4],"robots":[5,28],"are":[6,29,158],"used":[7],"to":[8,146,154],"find":[9],"and":[10,63,72,108,120],"save":[11],"victims":[12],"in":[13,98,142],"the":[14,82,99],"wake":[15],"of":[16,26,54,69,74,81,95,101,112],"disasters":[17],"such":[18,137],"as":[19],"earthquakes":[20],"or":[21],"terrorist":[22],"attacks.":[23],"The":[24],"operators":[25],"these":[27],"affected":[30],"by":[31],"high":[32,121],"cognitive":[33,44,122,132,150],"load;":[34,123],"this":[35],"hinders":[36],"effective":[37],"robot":[38],"usage.":[39],"This":[40,134],"paper":[41],"presents":[42],"a":[43,87,138,143],"task":[45,75],"load":[46],"model":[47,139],"for":[48,116,128],"real-time":[49],"monitoring":[50],"and,":[51],"subsequently,":[52],"balancing":[53],"workload":[55],"on":[56,161],"three":[57],"factors":[58],"that":[59,136],"affect":[60],"operator":[61],"performance":[62],"mental":[64],"effort:":[65],"time":[66,97],"occupied,":[67],"level":[68],"information":[70],"processing,":[71],"number":[73],"switches.":[76],"To":[77],"test":[78],"an":[79,148],"implementation":[80],"model,":[83],"five":[84],"participants":[85],"drove":[86],"shape-shifting":[88],"USAR":[89,103],"robot,":[90],"accumulating":[91],"over":[92],"16":[93],"hours":[94],"driving":[96],"course":[100],"485":[102],"missions":[104],"with":[105],"varying":[106],"objectives":[107],"difficulty.":[109],"An":[110],"accuracy":[111,125,157],"69%":[113],"was":[114,126],"obtained":[115],"discrimination":[117,129],"between":[118,130],"low":[119],"higher":[124],"measured":[127],"extreme":[131],"loads.":[133],"demonstrates":[135],"can":[140],"contribute,":[141],"non-invasive":[144],"manner,":[145],"estimating":[147],"operator's":[149],"state.":[151],"Several":[152],"ways":[153],"further":[155],"improve":[156],"discussed,":[159],"based":[160],"additional":[162],"experimental":[163],"results.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
