{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068036243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2014.6926262","title":"People help robots who help others, not robots who help themselves","display_name":"People help robots who help others, not robots who help themselves","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068036243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2014.6926262","mag":"2068036243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/roman.2014.6926262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2014.6926262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034950112","display_name":"Bradley Hayes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-1085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090932272","display_name":"Daniel Ullman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ullman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064038021","display_name":"Emma Alexander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-6846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046226285","display_name":"Caroline Bank","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline Bank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027635705","display_name":"Brian Scassellati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-7759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Scassellati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science at Yale University, Social Robotics Lab, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Robotics Lab, Department of Computer Science at Yale University. 51 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96836798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"255","last_page":"260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12521","display_name":"Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.8270664811134338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.8013142347335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.6419979333877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punishment","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","score":0.6325395107269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.626642644405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.5978679060935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipathy","display_name":"Antipathy","score":0.5802702903747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5596825480461121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5246165990829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.4637613296508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.45811763405799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.4032632112503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3926624655723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3837161958217621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.34142187237739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.2695674002170563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.8270664811134338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.8013142347335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.6419979333877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6325395107269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.626642644405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.5978679060935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779658751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581459","display_name":"Antipathy","level":3,"score":0.5802702903747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5596825480461121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5246165990829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.4637613296508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.45811763405799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4032632112503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3926624655723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3837161958217621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.34142187237739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.2695674002170563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/roman.2014.6926262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/roman.2014.6926262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980083892","https://openalex.org/W1983423649","https://openalex.org/W1985748704","https://openalex.org/W1994660327","https://openalex.org/W1997666814","https://openalex.org/W2010135665","https://openalex.org/W2013306003","https://openalex.org/W2082423373","https://openalex.org/W2083771381","https://openalex.org/W2084907907","https://openalex.org/W2094223914","https://openalex.org/W2096284813","https://openalex.org/W2135115712","https://openalex.org/W2152536828","https://openalex.org/W2161576359","https://openalex.org/W2161851389","https://openalex.org/W2320333467","https://openalex.org/W3145340279","https://openalex.org/W3150639857","https://openalex.org/W4245405692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2543019745","https://openalex.org/W2542221445","https://openalex.org/W177694623","https://openalex.org/W2531662632","https://openalex.org/W2314176764","https://openalex.org/W4247750500","https://openalex.org/W2540452882","https://openalex.org/W2356070666","https://openalex.org/W2778262232","https://openalex.org/W2151682110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robots":[0],"that":[1,11,35,62,81,99,133],"engage":[2],"in":[3],"social":[4,24,128],"behaviors":[5],"benefit":[6],"greatly":[7],"from":[8,102],"possessing":[9],"tools":[10],"allow":[12],"them":[13],"to":[14,55,113,120,144,150],"manipulate":[15],"the":[16,33,47,50,53,63,69,72,103,111,123,162],"course":[17],"of":[18,77,109,125],"an":[19],"interaction.":[20],"Using":[21],"a":[22,27,106],"non-anthropomorphic":[23],"robot":[25,37,51,64,73,104],"and":[26,142,155],"simple":[28],"counting":[29],"game,":[30],"we":[31],"examine":[32],"effects":[34],"empathy-generating":[36],"dialogue":[38,137],"has":[39],"on":[40,75],"participant":[41,54,112],"performance":[42,60,119],"across":[43],"three":[44],"conditions.":[45],"In":[46,68],"self-directed":[48],"condition,":[49,71],"petitions":[52,74,94,101],"reduce":[56],"his":[57,115],"or":[58,116],"her":[59,117],"so":[61,80],"can":[65,84,139],"avoid":[66,85],"punishment.":[67,86],"externally-directed":[70,100],"behalf":[76],"its":[78,82],"programmer":[79,83],"The":[87],"control":[88],"condition":[89],"does":[90],"not":[91],"involve":[92],"any":[93],"for":[95],"empathy.":[96],"We":[97,130],"find":[98,132],"show":[105],"higher":[107],"likelihood":[108],"motivating":[110],"sacrifice":[114],"own":[118],"help,":[121],"at":[122],"expense":[124],"incurring":[126],"negative":[127],"effects.":[129],"also":[131],"experiencing":[134],"these":[135],"emotional":[136],"events":[138],"have":[140],"complex":[141],"difficult":[143],"predict":[145],"effects,":[146],"driving":[147],"some":[148,153],"participants":[149],"antipathy,":[151],"leaving":[152],"unaffected,":[154],"manipulating":[156],"others":[157],"into":[158],"feeling":[159],"empathy":[160],"towards":[161],"robot.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}