{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122267334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2009.5152430","title":"Three-dimensional measurement of objects in water by using space encoding method","display_name":"Three-dimensional measurement of objects in water by using space encoding method","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122267334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2009.5152430","mag":"2122267334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/robot.2009.5152430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2009.5152430","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110116738","display_name":"Ryohei Kawai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryohei Kawai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan","Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, 432-8561 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, 432-8561 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021260328","display_name":"Atsushi Yamashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-069X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan","Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, 432-8561 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, 432-8561 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103526851","display_name":"Toru Kaneko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toru Kaneko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan","Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, 432-8561 Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Eng., Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, 432-8561 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110116738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96165246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"2830","last_page":"2835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6330077648162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.6241740584373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6026342511177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monochromatic-color","display_name":"Monochromatic color","score":0.559670090675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5579031705856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-light","display_name":"Structured light","score":0.5380555987358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5139407515525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.5009989738464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49554121494293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discontinuity","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","score":0.4724303185939789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.46638014912605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.4636901915073395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3155784010887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2571040391921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16526713967323303}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6330077648162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6241740584373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6026342511177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40833965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901438","display_name":"Monochromatic color","level":2,"score":0.559670090675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5579031705856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193581530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683778","display_name":"Structured light","level":2,"score":0.5380555987358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5139407515525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5009989738464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49554121494293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281658","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4724303185939789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.46638014912605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.4636901915073395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3155784010887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2571040391921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16526713967323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/robot.2009.5152430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2009.5152430","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028542749","https://openalex.org/W2097903139","https://openalex.org/W2097927181","https://openalex.org/W2099892360","https://openalex.org/W2105291043","https://openalex.org/W2109391352","https://openalex.org/W2111551777","https://openalex.org/W2134593013","https://openalex.org/W2146697283","https://openalex.org/W2147368486","https://openalex.org/W2157585711","https://openalex.org/W2160231420","https://openalex.org/W2167395416","https://openalex.org/W2169313828","https://openalex.org/W4234295509","https://openalex.org/W6680212532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2509614667","https://openalex.org/W2963293152","https://openalex.org/W4302199713","https://openalex.org/W2909469610","https://openalex.org/W2963562790","https://openalex.org/W2626027010","https://openalex.org/W2755006503","https://openalex.org/W1629841509","https://openalex.org/W2043557177","https://openalex.org/W2349351862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,21,25,42,63,71,78],"new":[4],"method":[5,61,66],"for":[6],"3-D":[7],"measurement":[8,123],"of":[9,44,51,73,102,136,163],"objects":[10,17,30,119],"in":[11,18,24,31,140],"water":[12,19],"is":[13,84],"proposed.":[14],"When":[15],"observing":[16,29],"through":[20],"camera":[22],"contained":[23],"waterproof":[26],"housing":[27],"or":[28,90],"an":[32],"aquarium":[33],"tank":[34],"filled":[35],"with":[36],"preserving":[37],"liquid,":[38],"we":[39,146],"should":[40,111,147],"solve":[41],"problem":[43,72,101],"light":[45,88,92,116,126,153],"refraction":[46],"at":[47],"the":[48,100,129,134,137,161,164],"boundary":[49],"surfaces":[50],"refractive":[52,107,130],"index":[53,108,131],"discontinuity":[54],"which":[55,67],"gives":[56,120],"image":[57,103],"distortion.":[58],"The":[59],"proposed":[60,165],"uses":[62],"space":[64],"encoding":[65],"does":[68],"not":[69],"have":[70],"corresponding":[74],"point":[75],"detection":[76],"as":[77],"stereo":[79],"vision":[80],"system":[81],"has,":[82],"and":[83,151],"faster":[85],"than":[86,124],"spot":[87],"projection":[89,93,117,127],"slit":[91],"methods.":[94],"A":[95],"ray":[96],"tracing":[97],"technique":[98],"solves":[99],"distortion":[104],"caused":[105],"by":[106],"discontinuity.":[109],"It":[110],"be":[112],"noted":[113],"that":[114],"monochromatic":[115],"onto":[118,155],"more":[121],"accurate":[122],"white":[125],"because":[128],"depends":[132],"on":[133],"wavelength":[135],"light.":[138],"Then,":[139],"order":[141],"to":[142],"measure":[143],"colored":[144],"objects,":[145],"project":[148],"red,":[149],"green":[150],"blue":[152],"patterns":[154],"them":[156],"separately.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"validity":[162],"method.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}