{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121196653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2008.4543527","title":"Towards a personal robotics development platform: Rationale and design of an intrinsically safe personal robot","display_name":"Towards a personal robotics development platform: Rationale and design of an intrinsically safe personal robot","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121196653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2008.4543527","mag":"2121196653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/robot.2008.4543527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2008.4543527","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053328601","display_name":"Keenan A. Wyrobek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keenan A. Wyrobek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113670983","display_name":"Eric Berger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric H. Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Stanford, USA","Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038741987","display_name":"H. F. Machiel Van der Loos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-980X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.F. Machiel Van der Loos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056116433","display_name":"J. Kenneth Salisbury","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kenneth Salisbury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department. of Computer Science and Surgery, University of Stanford, USA","Depts. of Computer Science and Surgery, Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department. of Computer Science and Surgery, University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depts. of Computer Science and Surgery, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.4336,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":186,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99885057,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2165","last_page":"2170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.7474021315574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.7197759747505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-impedance","display_name":"Mechanical impedance","score":0.6121864914894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.575547456741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.52999347448349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5188409090042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-design","display_name":"Mechanical design","score":0.49898576736450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.49228325486183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotic-arm","display_name":"Robotic arm","score":0.4877777695655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4625036418437958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.4443241059780121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.35335081815719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.35305213928222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34710928797721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.21591255068778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14991122484207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.12396225333213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09487462043762207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.7474021315574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.7197759747505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6421317","display_name":"Mechanical impedance","level":3,"score":0.6121864914894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.575547456741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.52999347448349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5188409090042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985681428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical design","level":2,"score":0.49898576736450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.49228325486183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150415221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40687","display_name":"Robotic arm","level":2,"score":0.4877777695655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4625036418437958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.4443241059780121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.35335081815719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.35305213928222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34710928797721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.21591255068778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14991122484207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12396225333213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09487462043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/robot.2008.4543527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2008.4543527","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22268490","https://openalex.org/W59441132","https://openalex.org/W63185005","https://openalex.org/W64316867","https://openalex.org/W77785501","https://openalex.org/W1513365432","https://openalex.org/W1561130515","https://openalex.org/W1977373229","https://openalex.org/W2039698733","https://openalex.org/W2069814469","https://openalex.org/W2100470760","https://openalex.org/W2110241868","https://openalex.org/W2111253117","https://openalex.org/W2123238432","https://openalex.org/W2130986062","https://openalex.org/W2131063775","https://openalex.org/W2136132944","https://openalex.org/W2143802278","https://openalex.org/W2149234824","https://openalex.org/W2152521250","https://openalex.org/W4252394690","https://openalex.org/W6633248539","https://openalex.org/W6822500117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535080110","https://openalex.org/W306312984","https://openalex.org/W857189463","https://openalex.org/W2390067163","https://openalex.org/W4313255720","https://openalex.org/W2347344723","https://openalex.org/W59441132","https://openalex.org/W2915899166","https://openalex.org/W2690032496","https://openalex.org/W2516232582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"most":[1],"critical":[2],"challenge":[3],"for":[4,31,70],"Personal":[5],"Robotics":[6],"is":[7],"to":[8,21],"manage":[9],"the":[10,18,61],"issue":[11],"of":[12,60],"human":[13],"safety":[14,54],"and":[15,44,56],"yet":[16],"provide":[17],"physical":[19],"capability":[20],"perform":[22],"useful":[23],"work.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"describes":[27],"a":[28,32,45,71],"novel":[29],"concept":[30],"mobile,":[33],"2-armed,":[34],"25-degree-of-":[35],"freedom":[36],"system":[37],"with":[38],"backdrivable":[39],"joints,":[40],"low":[41],"mechanical":[42],"impedance,":[43],"5":[46],"kg":[47],"payload":[48],"per":[49],"arm.":[50],"System":[51],"identification,":[52],"design":[53],"calculations":[55],"performance":[57],"evaluation":[58],"studies":[59],"first":[62],"prototype":[63],"are":[64],"included,":[65],"as":[66,68],"well":[67],"plans":[69],"future":[72],"development.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
