{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157915651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2002.1014398","title":"Using spatial language in a human-robot dialog","display_name":"Using spatial language in a human-robot dialog","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157915651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2002.1014398","mag":"2157915651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/robot.2002.1014398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2002.1014398","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.02CH37292)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013470616","display_name":"Marjorie Skubic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-7639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Skubic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068385102","display_name":"Dennis Perzanowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Perzanowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103004799","display_name":"Anna Charlotte Schultz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1484-9120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Schultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034117895","display_name":"William Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-4274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97416651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"4143","last_page":"4148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desk","display_name":"Desk","score":0.8062346577644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.7359259128570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7275102138519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6530663967132568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6296747922897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.5364983677864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.5309692621231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5145224928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5136198401451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.48783066868782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.48733100295066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4224318265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.26638728380203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17502811551094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.15850836038589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09133386611938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.08636996150016785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064858","display_name":"Desk","level":2,"score":0.8062346577644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.7359259128570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7275102138519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6530663967132568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6296747922897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.5364983677864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.5309692621231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5145224928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5136198401451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.48783066868782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48733100295066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4224318265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26638728380203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17502811551094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.15850836038589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09133386611938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.08636996150016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/robot.2002.1014398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2002.1014398","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.02CH37292)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:ADA434976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA434976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.8.4464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.8.4464","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cecs.missouri.edu/~skubic/Papers/dialog.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337628","display_name":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489130318","https://openalex.org/W1565308971","https://openalex.org/W1764250255","https://openalex.org/W1895027641","https://openalex.org/W2037753098","https://openalex.org/W2076332785","https://openalex.org/W2125953925","https://openalex.org/W2142652006","https://openalex.org/W2160852876","https://openalex.org/W2164026740","https://openalex.org/W4250871362","https://openalex.org/W6637824356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098987383","https://openalex.org/W2417260800","https://openalex.org/W1596203174","https://openalex.org/W2117933979","https://openalex.org/W2283130723","https://openalex.org/W103938586","https://openalex.org/W4236658683","https://openalex.org/W2020463334","https://openalex.org/W2026182709","https://openalex.org/W2963761716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,38,65],"conversation,":[1],"people":[2,57],"often":[3],"use":[4,46],"spatial":[5,48,72,91,95],"relationships":[6,49,73],"to":[7,26,50],"describe":[8],"their":[9],"environment,":[10],"e.g.,":[11,29],"\"There":[12],"is":[13,74],"a":[14,21,52,77,113],"desk":[15,33],"in":[16,60,112],"front":[17],"of":[18,47],"me":[19],"and":[20,25,34,58,93,105],"doorway":[22],"behind":[23],"it\",":[24],"issue":[27],"directives,":[28],"\"Go":[30],"around":[31],"the":[32,36,45,68,83],"through":[35],"doorway.\"":[37],"our":[39],"research,":[40],"we":[41],"have":[42],"been":[43],"investigating":[44],"establish":[51],"natural":[53],"communication":[54],"mechanism":[55],"between":[56],"robots,":[59],"particular,":[61],"for":[62],"novice":[63],"users.":[64],"this":[66,107],"paper,":[67],"work":[69],"on":[70],"robot":[71,79],"combined":[75],"with":[76],"multimodal":[78],"interface":[80],"developed":[81],"at":[82],"Naval":[84],"Research":[85],"Lab.":[86],"We":[87],"show":[88],"how":[89,106],"linguistic":[90],"descriptions":[92],"other":[94],"information":[96,108],"can":[97,109],"be":[98,110],"extracted":[99],"from":[100],"an":[101],"evidence":[102],"grid":[103],"map":[104],"used":[111],"natural,":[114],"human-robot":[115],"dialog.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}