{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122052990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.1987.1088034","title":"Robot road following by adaptive color classification and shape tracking","display_name":"Robot road following by adaptive color classification and shape tracking","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122052990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.1987.1088034","mag":"2122052990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/robot.1987.1088034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.1987.1088034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 1987 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060492695","display_name":"R.S. Wallace","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Wallace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060492695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74172185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"258","last_page":"263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9581000208854675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9401000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7913616895675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7872922420501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6992911100387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6180240511894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5956480503082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.5677318572998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5073007941246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4887382984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.48220527172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34929972887039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.25175169110298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21587494015693665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7913616895675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7872922420501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6992911100387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6180240511894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5956480503082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.5677318572998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5073007941246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4887382984161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.48220527172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34929972887039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.25175169110298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21587494015693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/robot.1987.1088034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.1987.1088034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 1987 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32940737","https://openalex.org/W100724795","https://openalex.org/W599145355","https://openalex.org/W1509934357","https://openalex.org/W1512267351","https://openalex.org/W1570524756","https://openalex.org/W1639227073","https://openalex.org/W2084134149","https://openalex.org/W2094430142","https://openalex.org/W2101982712","https://openalex.org/W2112638628","https://openalex.org/W2160982455","https://openalex.org/W2169164941","https://openalex.org/W6601372737","https://openalex.org/W6604050056","https://openalex.org/W6630779618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317418752","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2053596378","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W2168523118"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,111],"present":[2,95],"a":[3,50,59,70,74,102,106,113],"color":[4,16,29,52,83],"vision":[5],"based":[6],"robot":[7,71,103],"road":[8,22,38,65,75],"following":[9],"program.":[10],"The":[11,110],"program":[12,32,47,120],"uses":[13],"an":[14],"adaptive":[15],"model":[17,53],"to":[18,129],"classify":[19],"pixels":[20],"as":[21,45],"or":[23,58],"shoulder":[24],"features.":[25],"To":[26],"update":[27],"the":[28,31,34,37,40,46,55,63,79,119],"statistics,":[30],"tracks":[33],"shape":[35],"of":[36,62,81,86,91,101,115,118],"through":[39],"image":[41,57],"sequence.":[42],"As":[43],"long":[44],"has":[48],"either":[49],"reasonable":[51,60],"from":[54,97],"previous":[56],"estimation":[61],"expected":[64],"position":[66],"it":[67],"can":[68],"steer":[69],"vehicle":[72,104],"along":[73],"reliably":[76],"even":[77],"in":[78,105,127],"presence":[80],"surface":[82],"variation,":[84],"fluctuation":[85],"illumination":[87],"conditions":[88],"and":[89,125],"deviation":[90],"sensor":[92],"response.":[93],"We":[94],"results":[96],"several":[98],"test":[99],"runs":[100],"natural":[107],"outdoor":[108],"environment.":[109],"includes":[112],"discussion":[114],"failure":[116],"modes":[117],"that":[121],"have":[122],"been":[123],"catalogued":[124],"analyzed":[126],"order":[128],"guide":[130],"future":[131],"developments.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}