{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947943303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robosoft.2019.8722766","title":"Aerosol Jet Printing for the Manufacture of Soft Robotic Devices","display_name":"Aerosol Jet Printing for the Manufacture of Soft Robotic Devices","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947943303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robosoft.2019.8722766","mag":"2947943303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/robosoft.2019.8722766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robosoft.2019.8722766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498402","display_name":"2019 2nd IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 2nd IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009840775","display_name":"Nathan J. Wilkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-9900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathan J. Wilkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007756211","display_name":"Maria Lukic-Mann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Lukic-Mann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085090859","display_name":"Matthew P. Shuttleworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0538-6438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew P. Shuttleworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049111467","display_name":"Robert W. Kay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2283-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Kay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102074802","display_name":"Russell A. Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3425-7969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell A. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Manufacturing Process Research Group, University of Leeds, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009840775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95133553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"496","last_page":"501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10313","display_name":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics","display_name":"Soft robotics","score":0.8553815484046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enabling","display_name":"Enabling","score":0.5740237832069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastomer","display_name":"Elastomer","score":0.5640473365783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5420352816581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5337646007537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5249754786491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.4832964241504669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.46682968735694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.41158774495124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.3849114775657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38092267513275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.37465953826904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.358009934425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3268095850944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30234062671661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.8553815484046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22607594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375150","display_name":"Enabling","level":2,"score":0.5740237832069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38052585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266","display_name":"Elastomer","level":2,"score":0.5640473365783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5420352816581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5337646007537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5249754786491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.4832964241504669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.46682968735694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.41158774495124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.3849114775657654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38092267513275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.37465953826904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.358009934425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3268095850944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30234062671661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/robosoft.2019.8722766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robosoft.2019.8722766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498402","display_name":"2019 2nd IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 2nd IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:146148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5692480177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M026388/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515749184","https://openalex.org/W1545301666","https://openalex.org/W1659783416","https://openalex.org/W1901258766","https://openalex.org/W1919477892","https://openalex.org/W1977397472","https://openalex.org/W1978415393","https://openalex.org/W1978541383","https://openalex.org/W1983449914","https://openalex.org/W2049078445","https://openalex.org/W2059772445","https://openalex.org/W2081649225","https://openalex.org/W2103224141","https://openalex.org/W2116500100","https://openalex.org/W2142640558","https://openalex.org/W2163566443","https://openalex.org/W2321518307","https://openalex.org/W2507657335","https://openalex.org/W2521475505","https://openalex.org/W2560704029","https://openalex.org/W2565037204","https://openalex.org/W2774617863","https://openalex.org/W2775762244","https://openalex.org/W2787690100","https://openalex.org/W2791180667","https://openalex.org/W2801458905","https://openalex.org/W2818677387","https://openalex.org/W2822453593","https://openalex.org/W2871580695","https://openalex.org/W2883279767","https://openalex.org/W2886961311","https://openalex.org/W6640177214","https://openalex.org/W6644597111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974860256","https://openalex.org/W4321381871","https://openalex.org/W4383065492","https://openalex.org/W3112293155","https://openalex.org/W2326585759","https://openalex.org/W4312473168","https://openalex.org/W4211124276","https://openalex.org/W4312269480","https://openalex.org/W4213066075","https://openalex.org/W3182175143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soft":[0],"robotics":[1,92],"is":[2,24,44,78,117],"a":[3,26,36,60,82,98,123,144],"fast":[4],"growing":[5],"field":[6],"of":[7,18,31,52,90,100,122,143,157],"engineering":[8],"where":[9],"there":[10,23],"are":[11,151],"significant":[12],"opportunities":[13],"to":[14,28,42,48,80,112,128,153],"realize":[15],"new":[16,50],"forms":[17,51],"actuation":[19],"and":[20,71,88,135,148],"sensing.":[21],"However,":[22],"also":[25,45],"challenge":[27],"translate":[29],"some":[30],"the":[32,46,73,120,141,155,158],"lab-based":[33],"developments":[34],"into":[35],"robust":[37],"industrial":[38],"manufacturing":[39,63],"process.":[40],"Linked":[41],"this":[43],"opportunity":[47],"create":[49],"functionality":[53],"in":[54,93,140],"soft":[55,91,109],"robotic":[56,110],"devices":[57],"by":[58],"employing":[59],"flexible,":[61],"digital":[62],"process":[64,116],"for":[65,75,85,131],"their":[66],"creation.":[67],"Overcoming":[68],"these":[69],"hurdles,":[70],"unlocking":[72],"possibilities":[74],"greater":[76],"functionality,":[77],"likely":[79],"be":[81,113],"key":[83],"enabler":[84],"wider":[86],"applications":[87],"adoption":[89],"practical":[94],"applications.":[95],"We":[96],"present":[97],"system":[99],"computer-controlled":[101],"Aerosol":[102],"Jet":[103],"Printing":[104],"that":[105],"will":[106],"enable":[107],"complex":[108],"structures":[111],"manufactured.":[114],"The":[115],"demonstrated":[118],"through":[119],"deposition":[121],"carbon-based":[124],"conductive":[125],"ink":[126],"on":[127],"elastomeric":[129],"substrates":[130],"high":[132],"resolution,":[133],"conformal":[134],"multilayer":[136],"patterning.":[137],"Functional":[138],"demonstrators,":[139],"form":[142],"dielectric":[145],"elastomer":[146],"actuator":[147],"strain":[149],"sensor,":[150],"produced":[152],"showcase":[154],"potential":[156],"technique.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}