{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131082640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio66223.2025.11375881","title":"SF-Net: A Force-Based, Formula-Enhanced Residual Bi-LSTM for Snap-Fit State Classification","display_name":"SF-Net: A Force-Based, Formula-Enhanced Residual Bi-LSTM for Snap-Fit State Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131082640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio66223.2025.11375881"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/robio66223.2025.11375881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio66223.2025.11375881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126618889","display_name":"Manqin Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manqin Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China,518005"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China,518005","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126633009","display_name":"Chengliang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System,Shenzhen,China,518055"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System,Shenzhen,China,518055","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126649198","display_name":"Bozhan Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bozhan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System,Shenzhen,China,518055"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System,Shenzhen,China,518055","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069207720","display_name":"Shufen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3390-4199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System,Shenzhen,China,518055"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System,Shenzhen,China,518055","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018768566","display_name":"Zhengkun Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-1353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengkun Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System,Shenzhen,China,518055"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System,Shenzhen,China,518055","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126618889"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88515295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1125","last_page":"1130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.13940000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.13940000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.054999999701976776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.04800000041723251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.795799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6549000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity","display_name":"Simplicity","score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.3723999857902527}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.795799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6549000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21080849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13611879","display_name":"Data point","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/robio66223.2025.11375881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio66223.2025.11375881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6485791802406311,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511220761","https://openalex.org/W2795577874","https://openalex.org/W2967062868","https://openalex.org/W3081877091","https://openalex.org/W3156821575","https://openalex.org/W4200259311","https://openalex.org/W4226298064","https://openalex.org/W4293363567","https://openalex.org/W4297094422","https://openalex.org/W4312787309","https://openalex.org/W4312869208","https://openalex.org/W4381572789","https://openalex.org/W4399527406","https://openalex.org/W4407999057","https://openalex.org/W4408199826","https://openalex.org/W4409129129","https://openalex.org/W4409227756","https://openalex.org/W4410638947"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Snap-fit":[0],"insertions":[1],"are":[2],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5],"industry":[6],"for":[7,18,58,75],"their":[8],"simplicity":[9],"and":[10,29,79,110],"efficiency.":[11],"Although":[12],"force":[13,34,53],"data":[14,27],"is":[15],"most":[16],"reliable":[17,122],"snap-fit":[19,33,44],"signal":[20],"processing,":[21],"existing":[22],"studies":[23],"overlook":[24],"the":[25,42,100],"success/failure":[26],"imbalance":[28],"lack":[30],"a":[31,67,96,121],"formulated":[32],"model.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"this":[38],"issue,":[39],"we":[40],"refine":[41],"minimal":[43],"sequence":[45],"formulation":[46],"to":[47,71,83,113],"localize":[48],"insertion":[49],"events":[50],"within":[51],"extended":[52],"traces,":[54],"thereby":[55],"enabling":[56],"self-labeling":[57],"dataset":[59,101],"augmentation.":[60],"We":[61],"also":[62],"propose":[63],"SF-Net,":[64],"which":[65],"integrates":[66],"residual":[68],"LSTM":[69],"backbone":[70],"enhance":[72],"gradient":[73],"propagation":[74],"deep,":[76],"long-sequence":[77],"modeling":[78],"applies":[80],"focal":[81],"loss":[82],"mitigate":[84],"severe":[85],"samples":[86,94],"class":[87],"imbalance.":[88],"Experimentally,":[89],"our":[90],"method":[91],"automatically":[92],"labels":[93],"on":[95],"public":[97],"benchmark,":[98],"expanding":[99],"by":[102],"270":[103],"times.":[104],"SF-Net":[105,119],"achieves":[106],"superior":[107],"accuracy,":[108],"precision,":[109],"F1-score":[111],"compared":[112],"baseline":[114],"methods.":[115],"These":[116],"results":[117],"establish":[118],"as":[120],"force-input":[123],"classifier":[124],"of":[125],"snap-fit.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T06:17:34.324206","created_date":"2026-02-24T00:00:00"}
