{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158060137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio.2009.4913093","title":"A contraction type soft actuator using poly vinyl chloride gel","display_name":"A contraction type soft actuator using poly vinyl chloride gel","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158060137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio.2009.4913093","mag":"2158060137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/robio.2009.4913093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio.2009.4913093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111977421","display_name":"Mitsuhiro Yamano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137975476","display_name":"Shinshu University","ror":"https://ror.org/0244rem06","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Yamano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kansei Engineering, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kansei Engineering, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102974481","display_name":"Naoki Ogawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-1721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137975476","display_name":"Shinshu University","ror":"https://ror.org/0244rem06","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Ogawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kansei Engineering, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kansei Engineering, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031815941","display_name":"Masaru Hashimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-2105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137975476","display_name":"Shinshu University","ror":"https://ror.org/0244rem06","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Hashimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kansei Engineering, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kansei Engineering, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111599276","display_name":"M. Takasaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137975476","display_name":"Shinshu University","ror":"https://ror.org/0244rem06","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Takasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Satellite Venture Business Laboratory, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satellite Venture Business Laboratory, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061977459","display_name":"Mitsuhiro Hirai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-2459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137975476","display_name":"Shinshu University","ror":"https://ror.org/0244rem06","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Hirai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Functional Polymer Science Course, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Functional Polymer Science Course, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137975476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.378,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81990107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"745","last_page":"750"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.9189490079879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-muscle","display_name":"Artificial muscle","score":0.8285577297210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6963145732879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.6223887205123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vinyl-chloride","display_name":"Vinyl chloride","score":0.6181915402412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending","display_name":"Bending","score":0.5128095746040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.5086539387702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraction","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","score":0.48160287737846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.4700336158275604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.32964688539505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3294222950935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1780802607536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copolymer","display_name":"Copolymer","score":0.15321898460388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.14950674772262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11017349362373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.10635563731193542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.9189490079879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196628372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801090","display_name":"Artificial muscle","level":3,"score":0.8285577297210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6963145732879639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.6223887205123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338869","display_name":"Vinyl chloride","level":4,"score":0.6181915402412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.5128095746040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5086539387702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163415756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126473","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.48160287737846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4700336158275604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32964688539505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3294222950935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1780802607536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.15321898460388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14950674772262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11017349362373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.10635563731193542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/robio.2009.4913093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio.2009.4913093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077382302","https://openalex.org/W2088774677","https://openalex.org/W2520135529","https://openalex.org/W2575656906","https://openalex.org/W4232294610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061848878","https://openalex.org/W2104362930","https://openalex.org/W2137750971","https://openalex.org/W1631138302","https://openalex.org/W3198778559","https://openalex.org/W1968309858","https://openalex.org/W3178844618","https://openalex.org/W2255905369","https://openalex.org/W2158060137","https://openalex.org/W2042019706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,33],"poly":[1],"vinyl":[2],"chloride":[3],"(PVC)":[4],"gel":[5,39,77,141],"actuator":[6,36,57,87,95,102,121,142],"shows":[7],"great":[8],"potential":[9],"for":[10,74,149],"use":[11],"as":[12,21,96],"an":[13,48,56,71,97,151],"artificial":[14,49,98,152],"muscle":[15,50],"because":[16],"of":[17,62,84,93,119,138],"such":[18],"positive":[19],"characteristics":[20,61,83,137],"movement":[22],"in":[23,31],"the":[24,60,75,82,85,91,94,116,120,125,131,139],"air,":[25],"large":[26],"deformation,":[27],"and":[28,89,130],"being":[29],"light":[30],"weight.":[32],"bending":[34],"type":[35,64,109],"using":[37,107],"PVC":[38,76,140],"was":[40,122,128,134],"studied":[41],"previously":[42],"[4]-[6].":[43],"In":[44,66],"order":[45],"to":[46,54,145],"construct":[47],"it":[51],"is":[52],"necessary":[53],"compose":[55],"which":[58],"has":[59,103],"contraction":[63,117],"deformation.":[65],"this":[67],"study":[68],"we":[69,80],"propose":[70],"electrode":[72],"arrangement":[73],"actuator.":[78],"Also,":[79],"investigate":[81],"proposed":[86,101],"experimentally":[88],"show":[90],"effectiveness":[92],"muscle.":[99,153],"The":[100,111,136],"a":[104],"layered":[105],"structure":[106],"mesh":[108],"electrodes.":[110],"experimental":[112],"results":[113],"showed":[114],"that":[115],"rate":[118,127],"about":[123],"13%,":[124],"response":[126],"1-3Hz,":[129],"output":[132],"force":[133],"1-2kPa.":[135],"are":[143],"shown":[144],"be":[146],"very":[147],"effective":[148],"constructing":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}