{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136431246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio.2009.4913022","title":"Towards intelligent lower limb wearable robots: Challenges and perspectives - State of the art","display_name":"Towards intelligent lower limb wearable robots: Challenges and perspectives - State of the art","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136431246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio.2009.4913022","mag":"2136431246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/robio.2009.4913022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio.2009.4913022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011742024","display_name":"Samer Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6738-4529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197681013","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil","ror":"https://ror.org/05ggc9x40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800365227","display_name":"Paris-Est Sup","ror":"https://ror.org/0268ecp52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems, University of Paris XII, Vitry Sur Seine, France","Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems, University of Paris XII, 122 rue Paul Armangot, 94400, Vitry Sur Seine, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems, University of Paris XII, Vitry Sur Seine, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227","https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems, University of Paris XII, 122 rue Paul Armangot, 94400, Vitry Sur Seine, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I197681013"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044453604","display_name":"Yacine Amirat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-0517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197681013","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil","ror":"https://ror.org/05ggc9x40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800365227","display_name":"Paris-Est Sup","ror":"https://ror.org/0268ecp52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Amirat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems, University of Paris XII, Vitry Sur Seine, France","Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems, University of Paris XII, 122 rue Paul Armangot, 94400, Vitry Sur Seine, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems, University of Paris XII, Vitry Sur Seine, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227","https://openalex.org/I197681013"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Images, Signals and Intelligent Systems, University of Paris XII, 122 rue Paul Armangot, 94400, Vitry Sur Seine, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I197681013"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011742024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I2800365227"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.89115801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76491833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"312","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8593927621841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7026544213294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.6756941676139832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6640094518661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6160187721252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5785560607910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.5658383965492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.489105761051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.47403502464294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.41114136576652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3275412321090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3171885013580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2848381996154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22221484780311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1818845272064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17471256852149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.11879578232765198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8593927621841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7026544213294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.6756941676139832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6640094518661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6160187721252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5785560607910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5658383965492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.489105761051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.47403502464294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.41114136576652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3275412321090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3171885013580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2848381996154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22221484780311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1818845272064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17471256852149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.11879578232765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/robio.2009.4913022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/robio.2009.4913022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47390551","https://openalex.org/W51974407","https://openalex.org/W191345020","https://openalex.org/W639661492","https://openalex.org/W1482252472","https://openalex.org/W1493333755","https://openalex.org/W1597819723","https://openalex.org/W1971405119","https://openalex.org/W1977390009","https://openalex.org/W1977443707","https://openalex.org/W1978745215","https://openalex.org/W1992506776","https://openalex.org/W2002236127","https://openalex.org/W2007078530","https://openalex.org/W2012300725","https://openalex.org/W2017776434","https://openalex.org/W2034296988","https://openalex.org/W2034922363","https://openalex.org/W2038609344","https://openalex.org/W2045799747","https://openalex.org/W2046439798","https://openalex.org/W2049412544","https://openalex.org/W2056035919","https://openalex.org/W2059077593","https://openalex.org/W2072731418","https://openalex.org/W2092683817","https://openalex.org/W2096759357","https://openalex.org/W2113821729","https://openalex.org/W2114710965","https://openalex.org/W2117741684","https://openalex.org/W2122691910","https://openalex.org/W2124210315","https://openalex.org/W2126192435","https://openalex.org/W2127927857","https://openalex.org/W2130934472","https://openalex.org/W2134713663","https://openalex.org/W2135945666","https://openalex.org/W2144781570","https://openalex.org/W2152569934","https://openalex.org/W2160060605","https://openalex.org/W2163210428","https://openalex.org/W2166978470","https://openalex.org/W2238144040","https://openalex.org/W2298747902","https://openalex.org/W2405889145","https://openalex.org/W2517747329","https://openalex.org/W2539313188","https://openalex.org/W4205467692","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602113044","https://openalex.org/W6684038169","https://openalex.org/W6726572202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W107105315","https://openalex.org/W1584537303","https://openalex.org/W4388155270","https://openalex.org/W1872724644","https://openalex.org/W4367156293","https://openalex.org/W2808226217","https://openalex.org/W4317528658","https://openalex.org/W3018911239","https://openalex.org/W2898656348","https://openalex.org/W4388483820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"technological":[1],"advances":[2,60],"made":[3],"necessary":[4],"the":[5,8,16,42,57,68,86,108],"use":[6,96],"of":[7,13,38,46,56,97,126],"robots":[9,66],"in":[10,61,67],"various":[11],"types":[12],"applications.":[14],"Currently,":[15],"traditional":[17],"robot-like":[18],"scenarios":[19],"dedicated":[20],"to":[21,117],"industrial":[22],"applications":[23,30,40],"with":[24],"repetitive":[25],"tasks,":[26],"were":[27],"replaced":[28],"by":[29],"which":[31],"require":[32],"human":[33],"interaction.":[34],"The":[35],"main":[36,58],"field":[37],"such":[39,113],"concerns":[41],"rehabilitation":[43],"and":[44,84,95,123],"aid":[45],"elderly":[47],"persons.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"study,":[51],"we":[52],"present":[53],"a":[54,73],"state-of-the-art":[55],"research":[59],"lower":[62,81],"limbs":[63],"actuated":[64],"orthosis/wearable":[65],"literature.":[69],"This":[70],"will":[71],"include":[72],"review":[74],"on":[75],"researches":[76],"covering":[77],"full":[78],"limb":[79,82],"exoskeletons,":[80],"exoskeletons":[83],"particularly":[85],"knee":[87],"joint":[88],"orthosis.":[89],"Rehabilitation":[90],"using":[91],"treadmill":[92],"based":[93],"device":[94],"Functional":[98],"Electrical":[99],"Stimulation":[100],"(FES)":[101],"are":[102],"also":[103],"investigated.":[104],"We":[105],"discuss":[106],"finally":[107],"challenges":[109],"not":[110],"yet":[111],"solved":[112],"as":[114],"issues":[115],"related":[116],"portability,":[118],"energy":[119],"consumption,":[120],"social":[121],"constraints":[122],"high":[124],"costs":[125],"these":[127],"devices.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}