{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415821598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man63969.2025.11217585","title":"Leash as a Cue: Visual Indicators for Third-Party Acceptance Across Resistance Levels","display_name":"Leash as a Cue: Visual Indicators for Third-Party Acceptance Across Resistance Levels","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415821598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man63969.2025.11217585"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ro-man63969.2025.11217585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man63969.2025.11217585","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 34th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Momo Hanawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Momo Hanawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098933183","display_name":"Satomi Tokida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0099-2660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satomi Tokida","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069105845","display_name":"Yoshio Ishiguro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-6212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshio Ishiguro","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34474644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2360","last_page":"2366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9416999816894531,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9416999816894531,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.03240000084042549,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joystick","display_name":"Joystick","score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-control","display_name":"Visual control","score":0.3788999915122986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96439379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178805","display_name":"Joystick","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57473165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604","display_name":"Resistance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780527621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936593","display_name":"Visual control","level":2,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111370547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451120","display_name":"Sensory cue","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986089797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501338","display_name":"Visual attention","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168402607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072119","display_name":"Personal robot","level":5,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ro-man63969.2025.11217585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man63969.2025.11217585","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 34th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W401943522","https://openalex.org/W1974758710","https://openalex.org/W1987900808","https://openalex.org/W2032568497","https://openalex.org/W2061309618","https://openalex.org/W2064337305","https://openalex.org/W3014320833","https://openalex.org/W3030938872","https://openalex.org/W3102097237","https://openalex.org/W3122055487","https://openalex.org/W3194797026","https://openalex.org/W3206532678","https://openalex.org/W4229038794","https://openalex.org/W4292553376","https://openalex.org/W4298128168","https://openalex.org/W4366548426","https://openalex.org/W4383213516","https://openalex.org/W4383616908","https://openalex.org/W4386709053","https://openalex.org/W4389282387","https://openalex.org/W4396833353"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unexpected":[0],"robot":[1,27,38,57,75,85,179],"encounters":[2],"in":[3,40,158],"public":[4,159],"spaces":[5],"can":[6],"cause":[7],"discomfort":[8],"for":[9,155,172],"third":[10],"parties,":[11],"yet":[12,20],"the":[13,30,56,67,125],"acceptability":[14,42],"of":[15,66,74],"accompanying":[16,156],"robots":[17,157],"is":[18,168],"not":[19],"fully":[21],"understood.":[22],"Visual":[23],"cues":[24],"strongly":[25],"influence":[26],"impressions;":[28],"however,":[29],"interaction":[31],"between":[32,55],"explicit":[33,139,165],"visual":[34,48,92,140],"indicators":[35,167],"and":[36,58,60,98,102,111,136],"individual":[37],"resistance":[39],"determining":[41],"remains":[43],"unexplored.":[44],"We":[45],"investigated":[46],"how":[47],"relationship":[49,166],"indicators\u2014connection":[50],"visibility":[51,62],"(the":[52,63],"physical":[53],"linkage":[54],"handler)":[59],"control":[61,96,103],"evident":[64],"authority":[65],"handler)\u2014influence":[68],"acceptance":[69],"based":[70,115],"on":[71,116],"individuals\u2019":[72],"levels":[73],"resistance.":[76,180],"In":[77],"our":[78],"experiment,":[79],"23":[80],"participants":[81,106,130,144],"encountered":[82],"a":[83],"mobile":[84],"under":[86],"three":[87],"operation":[88],"methods:":[89],"Autonomous":[90],"(no":[91],"indicators),":[93],"Joystick":[94],"(only":[95],"visibility),":[97,104],"Leash":[99,123],"(both":[100],"connection":[101],"with":[105,128,178],"divided":[107],"into":[108],"high-resistance":[109,129],"(n=12)":[110],"low-resistance":[112,143],"(n=11)":[113],"groups":[114],"their":[117],"NARS":[118],"scores.":[119],"Results":[120],"indicate":[121],"that":[122,162],"had":[124],"highest":[126],"acceptability,":[127,174],"showing":[131],"significant":[132],"differences":[133],"across":[134],"methods":[135],"benefiting":[137],"from":[138],"indicators,":[141],"unlike":[142],"who":[145],"were":[146],"largely":[147],"unaffected.":[148],"These":[149],"findings":[150],"offer":[151],"important":[152],"design":[153],"implications":[154],"spaces,":[160],"suggesting":[161],"employing":[163],"visually":[164],"an":[169],"effective":[170],"strategy":[171],"enhancing":[173],"particularly":[175],"among":[176],"individuals":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}
