{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388624077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309626","title":"Successful Swarms: Operator Situational Awareness with Modelling and Verification at Runtime","display_name":"Successful Swarms: Operator Situational Awareness with Modelling and Verification at Runtime","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388624077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/64729.html>","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101522601","display_name":"Yue Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8134-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,UK,G12 8QQ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,UK,G12 8QQ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102882569","display_name":"William Hunt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-5050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton,School of Electronics and Computer Science,Southampton,UK,SO17 1BJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton,School of Electronics and Computer Science,Southampton,UK,SO17 1BJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016996700","display_name":"Blair Archibald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-6658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blair Archibald","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,UK,G12 8QQ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,UK,G12 8QQ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059924450","display_name":"Mengwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4978-3061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,UK,G12 8QQ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,UK,G12 8QQ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042005513","display_name":"Michele Sevegnani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6773-9481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Sevegnani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,UK,G12 8QQ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,School of Computing Science,Glasgow,UK,G12 8QQ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082051228","display_name":"Mohammad Divband Soorati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-1284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad D. Soorati","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southampton,School of Electronics and Computer Science,Southampton,UK,SO17 1BJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton,School of Electronics and Computer Science,Southampton,UK,SO17 1BJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101522601"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76356429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"541","last_page":"548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7173612117767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.6868779063224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5768101811408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.36819469928741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12208506464958191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7173612117767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.6868779063224792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5768101811408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36819469928741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12208506464958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:300328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/64729.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:485547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/485547/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:300328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/64729.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3404557","https://openalex.org/W1481659984","https://openalex.org/W1489725951","https://openalex.org/W1631091010","https://openalex.org/W1862398452","https://openalex.org/W2022106311","https://openalex.org/W2023808162","https://openalex.org/W2025567744","https://openalex.org/W2060201762","https://openalex.org/W2101623441","https://openalex.org/W2104083704","https://openalex.org/W2109664384","https://openalex.org/W2110017066","https://openalex.org/W2134991157","https://openalex.org/W2141881497","https://openalex.org/W2165203881","https://openalex.org/W2267863633","https://openalex.org/W2294981642","https://openalex.org/W2313372168","https://openalex.org/W2463262359","https://openalex.org/W2471883051","https://openalex.org/W2539402368","https://openalex.org/W2568156289","https://openalex.org/W2764552839","https://openalex.org/W2786819761","https://openalex.org/W2808418482","https://openalex.org/W2886253469","https://openalex.org/W2899532715","https://openalex.org/W2912904668","https://openalex.org/W2964339789","https://openalex.org/W2966797313","https://openalex.org/W2967277443","https://openalex.org/W2971874129","https://openalex.org/W2988823461","https://openalex.org/W3035005794","https://openalex.org/W3094535751","https://openalex.org/W3161394903","https://openalex.org/W3179132544","https://openalex.org/W4292998671","https://openalex.org/W4360888003","https://openalex.org/W4381734291","https://openalex.org/W6640523423","https://openalex.org/W6693686563","https://openalex.org/W6721209011","https://openalex.org/W6763034266","https://openalex.org/W6780316117","https://openalex.org/W6850836784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W3024912289","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2415747217","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robot":[0],"swarms,":[1],"through":[2],"redundancy,":[3],"offer":[4],"fault-tolerant":[5],"distributed":[6],"sensing":[7],"and":[8,63,81,89,95,122,132],"actuation,":[9],"but":[10,28],"can":[11,24,70,136],"lack":[12],"complex":[13],"mission-level":[14],"decision":[15,26],"making.":[16],"Pairing":[17],"a":[18],"human":[19],"operator":[20,32],"with":[21],"the":[22,31,37,41,57,68,117],"swarm":[23],"improve":[25],"making":[27],"only":[29],"if":[30],"maintains":[33],"situational":[34,72],"awareness\u2014knowledge":[35],"of":[36,40,59,116],"current":[38,80],"state":[39],"swarm\u2014as":[42],"well":[43],"as":[44],"being":[45],"able":[46],"to":[47,125,129,139],"anticipate":[48],"future":[49,82],"states.":[50],"We":[51,120],"show":[52,97,133],"how":[53,134],"formal":[54],"methods,":[55],"in":[56],"form":[58],"probabilistic":[60],"models,":[61,85],"executed":[62],"verified":[64],"at":[65],"runtime":[66],"alongside":[67],"system":[69],"aid":[71],"awareness":[73],"by":[74],"providing":[75],"valuable":[76],"insight":[77],"into":[78],"both":[79],"situations.":[83],"Two":[84],"for":[86],"determining":[87],"task":[88],"mission":[90],"success":[91],"probabilities,":[92],"are":[93,145],"given,":[94],"we":[96],"that":[98,106],"statistical":[99],"model":[100],"checking":[101],"allows":[102],"timely":[103],"approximate":[104],"predictions":[105],"take":[107],"no":[108],"more":[109],"than":[110],"1s":[111],"while":[112],"staying":[113],"within":[114],"2%":[115],"exact":[118],"solution.":[119],"highlight":[121],"implement":[123],"approaches":[124],"display":[126],"this":[127],"information":[128],"an":[130],"operator,":[131],"models":[135],"be":[137],"used":[138],"try":[140],"what-if":[141],"scenarios":[142],"before":[143],"decisions":[144],"made.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}