{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388624186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309413","title":"Assessing Perceived Discomfort and Proxemic Behavior towards Robots: A Comparative Study between Real and Augmented Reality Presentations","display_name":"Assessing Perceived Discomfort and Proxemic Behavior towards Robots: A Comparative Study between Real and Augmented Reality Presentations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388624186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309413","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030733441","display_name":"Olivia Herzog","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-1639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olivia Herzog","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design,Germany","Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068535560","display_name":"Simone Nertinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-2155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Nertinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence,Germany","Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014833352","display_name":"Katharina Wenzel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Wenzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design,Germany","Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004124482","display_name":"Abdeldjallil Naceri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdeldjallil Naceri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence,Germany","Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024171209","display_name":"Sami Haddadin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7696-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Haddadin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence,Germany","Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033286178","display_name":"Klaus Bengler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-6093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Bengler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich,Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design,Germany","Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich,Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Ergonomics, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030733441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3379,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64775009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":null,"first_page":"959","last_page":"965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.795188307762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxemics","display_name":"Proxemics","score":0.7712221741676331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.6398984789848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5758624076843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.4433629512786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42462027072906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.42024824023246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.38779380917549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3827022910118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3824864625930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0741586685180664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.795188307762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170334801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171755","display_name":"Proxemics","level":2,"score":0.7712221741676331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.6398984789848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5758624076843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.4433629512786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42462027072906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.42024824023246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38779380917549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3827022910118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3824864625930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0741586685180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309413","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307771","display_name":"Bayer","ror":"https://ror.org/04hmn8g73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593163947","https://openalex.org/W2008525263","https://openalex.org/W2031672576","https://openalex.org/W2032568497","https://openalex.org/W2104559959","https://openalex.org/W2107770994","https://openalex.org/W2121363179","https://openalex.org/W2156484943","https://openalex.org/W2170615370","https://openalex.org/W2890177301","https://openalex.org/W2968478674","https://openalex.org/W2969633172","https://openalex.org/W2989985838","https://openalex.org/W3006665558","https://openalex.org/W3039344287","https://openalex.org/W3044087898","https://openalex.org/W3127565412","https://openalex.org/W3130017905","https://openalex.org/W3169984014","https://openalex.org/W3177503610","https://openalex.org/W3203639143","https://openalex.org/W3213366706","https://openalex.org/W4236309383","https://openalex.org/W4238360503","https://openalex.org/W4240584453","https://openalex.org/W4242721106","https://openalex.org/W4383616908","https://openalex.org/W4392633917","https://openalex.org/W6635425622","https://openalex.org/W6753884665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W112976352","https://openalex.org/W2052798730","https://openalex.org/W2793628147","https://openalex.org/W2164350434","https://openalex.org/W2492115513","https://openalex.org/W2051360178","https://openalex.org/W2170615370","https://openalex.org/W2187168746","https://openalex.org/W3092648117","https://openalex.org/W2767238748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"assesses":[2],"the":[3,73,79,85,89,100,106,111,121,126,136,147,151,169,193,201,211],"usefulness":[4],"of":[5,72,188,192,213],"immersive":[6],"technology":[7],"to":[8,125,177,200],"evaluate":[9,185],"perceived":[10,76,144],"discomfort":[11,77,145,194],"and":[12,27,65,78,171],"proxemic":[13],"behavior":[14],"towards":[15],"a":[16,25,35,38,50,56,61],"robot":[17,32,108,123,152,173],"depending":[18],"on":[19],"its":[20],"size.":[21],"Therefore,":[22,180],"we":[23],"compared":[24,124],"real":[26,57,112,172],"an":[28],"augmented":[29],"reality":[30],"(AR)":[31],"presentation.":[33],"In":[34],"within-subject":[36],"design,":[37],"service":[39],"humanoid":[40],"approached":[41],"participants":[42],"(N":[43],"=":[44],"32)":[45],"in":[46,49,143,160,190],"four":[47],"trials":[48,67],"counterbalanced":[51],"order.":[52],"One":[53],"trial":[54],"presented":[55],"robot,":[58],"another":[59],"showed":[60,68],"same-sized":[62],"AR":[63,70,107,170,182,205],"version,":[64],"two":[66],"down-scaled":[69],"versions":[71,187],"robot.":[74],"The":[75,96,114,154,162],"comfort":[80,101,115],"distance":[81,90,102,116,155],"were":[82],"measured.":[83],"For":[84],"presentation":[86,148],"mode":[87],"comparison,":[88],"estimation":[91,156],"error":[92,157],"was":[93,103,117,131,140,158],"measured":[94],"additionally.":[95],"results":[97,166],"show":[98],"that":[99,165],"greater":[104,119,159],"for":[105,110,120,210],"than":[109],"one.":[113],"also":[118],"largest":[122],"smaller":[127,137],"sizes,":[128],"while":[129],"there":[130],"no":[132,141],"difference":[133,142],"when":[134],"comparing":[135],"ones.":[138],"There":[139],"between":[146],"modes":[149],"or":[150],"sizes.":[153],"AR.":[161],"study":[163],"indicates":[164],"obtained":[167],"with":[168],"are":[174],"comparable":[175],"relative":[176],"each":[178],"other.":[179],"utilizing":[181],"could":[183],"effectively":[184],"various":[186],"robots":[189],"terms":[191],"they":[195],"induce\u2014a":[196],"critical":[197],"prerequisite":[198],"prior":[199],"manufacturing":[202],"process.":[203],"Finally,":[204],"might":[206],"provide":[207],"better":[208],"validity":[209],"evaluation":[212],"subjective":[214],"measures.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}