{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195603246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man50785.2021.9515408","title":"External Human-Machine Interface on Delivery Robots: Expression of Navigation Intent of the Robot","display_name":"External Human-Machine Interface on Delivery Robots: Expression of Navigation Intent of the Robot","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195603246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man50785.2021.9515408","mag":"3195603246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ro-man50785.2021.9515408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man50785.2021.9515408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot &amp; Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103216776","display_name":"Shyam Sundar Kannan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2761-0082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyam Sundar Kannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["SMART Lab, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SMART Lab, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027628825","display_name":"Ahreum Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-3687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahreum Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076467173","display_name":"Byung\u2010Cheol Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6458-4365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byung-Cheol Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["SMART Lab, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SMART Lab, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90439777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1305","last_page":"1312"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7882922291755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6699099540710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.6457438468933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6452329754829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.548796534538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013machine-interface","display_name":"Human\u2013machine interface","score":0.43738603591918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.42083969712257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.41206684708595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33110135793685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16479098796844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013machine-system","display_name":"Human\u2013machine system","score":0.15918728709220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07521969079971313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7882922291755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6699099540710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6457438468933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6452329754829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.548796534538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165024716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"Human\u2013machine interface","level":3,"score":0.43738603591918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.42083969712257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.41206684708595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33110135793685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16479098796844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146047270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q469666","display_name":"Human\u2013machine system","level":2,"score":0.15918728709220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07521969079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ro-man50785.2021.9515408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ro-man50785.2021.9515408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot &amp; Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538807643","https://openalex.org/W1572408178","https://openalex.org/W1976320916","https://openalex.org/W2041547032","https://openalex.org/W2060100157","https://openalex.org/W2082585576","https://openalex.org/W2213945481","https://openalex.org/W2344832376","https://openalex.org/W2528112208","https://openalex.org/W2540496966","https://openalex.org/W2555971623","https://openalex.org/W2790679671","https://openalex.org/W2899644740","https://openalex.org/W2900196742","https://openalex.org/W2901665975","https://openalex.org/W2989183161","https://openalex.org/W2998554369","https://openalex.org/W3009350896","https://openalex.org/W3013330822","https://openalex.org/W3023297849","https://openalex.org/W4244859110","https://openalex.org/W4245056847","https://openalex.org/W4253677509","https://openalex.org/W6632248701","https://openalex.org/W6756128521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390610051","https://openalex.org/W3095210969","https://openalex.org/W2011436548","https://openalex.org/W2362465791","https://openalex.org/W2382447322","https://openalex.org/W2377173674","https://openalex.org/W2373509626","https://openalex.org/W625940871","https://openalex.org/W2333966317","https://openalex.org/W636611455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"External":[0],"Human-Machine":[1],"Interfaces":[2],"(eHMI)":[3],"are":[4,21],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"on":[7,55,66,72,165],"robots":[8,20,46,57,74],"and":[9,24,41,47,99],"autonomous":[10,48],"vehicles":[11],"to":[12,17,81,92,130,135,146,157],"convey":[13,103],"the":[14,27,31,37,51,67,77,82,94,97,104,123,136,158],"machine\u2019s":[15],"intent":[16,80,108],"humans.":[18],"Delivery":[19],"getting":[22],"common,":[23],"they":[25],"share":[26],"sidewalk":[28],"along":[29],"with":[30,87],"pedestrians.":[32,83],"Current":[33],"research":[34],"has":[35],"explored":[36],"design":[38],"of":[39,53,70,96,128,152,160,163],"eHMI":[40,145,164],"its":[42],"effectiveness":[43],"for":[44,75],"social":[45],"vehicles,":[49],"but":[50],"use":[52,69],"eHMIs":[54,71,101],"delivery":[56,73,105,166],"still":[58],"remains":[59],"unexplored.":[60],"There":[61],"is":[62,117,140],"a":[63],"knowledge":[64],"gap":[65],"effective":[68],"indicating":[76],"robot\u2019s":[78,106],"navigational":[79,107],"An":[84],"online":[85],"survey":[86],"152":[88],"participants":[89],"was":[90],"conducted":[91],"investigate":[93],"comprehensibility":[95],"display":[98,116],"light-based":[100],"that":[102,115],"under":[109],"common":[110],"navigation":[111],"scenarios.":[112,137],"Results":[113],"show":[114],"preferred":[118,126,141],"over":[119],"lights":[120],"in":[121],"conveying":[122],"intent.":[124],"The":[125,150],"type":[127],"content":[129],"be":[131],"displayed":[132],"varies":[133],"according":[134],"Additionally,":[138],"light":[139],"as":[142],"an":[143],"auxiliary":[144],"present":[147],"redundant":[148],"information.":[149],"findings":[151],"this":[153],"study":[154],"can":[155],"contribute":[156],"development":[159],"future":[161],"designs":[162],"robots.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
