{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986069021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rndm.2015.7325230","title":"Interdependency in smart grid recovery","display_name":"Interdependency in smart grid recovery","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986069021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rndm.2015.7325230","mag":"1986069021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rndm.2015.7325230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rndm.2015.7325230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 7th International Workshop on Reliable Networks Design and Modeling (RNDM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063793596","display_name":"Jonas W\u00e4fler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Wafler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","Department of Telematics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032464896","display_name":"Poul E. Heegaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-5860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poul E. Heegaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","Department of Telematics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063793596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06941732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"201","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.7999337911605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.7741693258285522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6938901543617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6676843166351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.5516788959503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.516202986240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.515958845615387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.48869040608406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4769940972328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.46645230054855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4464084506034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.41383570432662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-network","display_name":"Telecommunications network","score":0.4123108386993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.41134825348854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3862989544868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.36426016688346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34263405203819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.23978716135025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22320091724395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11909747123718262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.7999337911605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.7741693258285522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6938901543617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6676843166351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.5516788959503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.516202986240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.515958845615387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.48869040608406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4769940972328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.46645230054855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4464084506034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41383570432662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.4123108386993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.41134825348854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3862989544868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36426016688346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34263405203819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.23978716135025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22320091724395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11909747123718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rndm.2015.7325230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rndm.2015.7325230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 7th International Workshop on Reliable Networks Design and Modeling (RNDM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27285616","https://openalex.org/W196356592","https://openalex.org/W1485650462","https://openalex.org/W1599131193","https://openalex.org/W1968164782","https://openalex.org/W2067403043","https://openalex.org/W2095243110","https://openalex.org/W2101257574","https://openalex.org/W2105376482","https://openalex.org/W2112949599","https://openalex.org/W2113188272","https://openalex.org/W2117126358","https://openalex.org/W2126637194","https://openalex.org/W2137691045","https://openalex.org/W3152334345","https://openalex.org/W6601061590","https://openalex.org/W6677567369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372184322","https://openalex.org/W1966811395","https://openalex.org/W2326620087","https://openalex.org/W2886332682","https://openalex.org/W2797576442","https://openalex.org/W3095871803","https://openalex.org/W2308728076","https://openalex.org/W2386358019","https://openalex.org/W3178270077","https://openalex.org/W2478025516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38,124,145],"pervasive":[1],"use":[2],"of":[3,40,99,103,115,147,152,156,205],"information":[4,30],"and":[5,24,32,36,50,58,67,74,94,111,159,202,213],"communication":[6,133],"technology":[7],"(ICT)":[8],"in":[9,96,120,185,222],"the":[10,25,46,55,59,72,76,91,100,109,113,121,132,141,169,174,199,206,219],"future":[11],"power":[12,22,26,92,105],"grid":[13,27,93],"creates":[14],"an":[15],"interdependent":[16],"system:":[17],"ICT":[18,43,95],"systems":[19,33,73],"depend":[20],"on":[21,29,87],"supply":[23],"depends":[28],"channels":[31],"for":[34,78,173],"monitoring":[35,118],"controlling.":[37],"automation":[39,166],"processes":[41],"with":[42,63,149],"can":[44,167,179,214],"reduce":[45,168],"most":[47,175],"frequent":[48,176,187],"failures":[49],"decrease":[51],"their":[52],"consequences.":[53],"However,":[54],"added":[56],"complexity":[57],"tight":[60],"integration":[61],"comes":[62],"new":[64],"failure":[65],"sources":[66],"increased":[68],"mutual":[69],"dependencies":[70,110],"between":[71,90],"opens":[75],"possibility":[77],"more":[79],"catastrophic":[80],"failures.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"paper":[84],"we":[85,196],"focus":[86],"these":[88],"interdependencies":[89],"different":[97,150],"phases":[98],"recovery":[101],"process":[102],"a":[104,136,210],"failure.":[106],"We":[107],"model":[108],"quantify":[112],"effect":[114,143,221],"using":[116],"smart":[117],"devices":[119],"detection":[122,161],"phase.":[123],"analysis":[125],"shows":[126],"that":[127,164,198],"adding":[128],"battery":[129,153],"backup":[130],"into":[131],"network":[134],"is":[135],"good":[137],"measure":[138],"to":[139,181,217],"delay":[140],"interdependency":[142],"encountered.":[144],"study":[146],"scenarios":[148],"degrees":[151],"support,":[154],"number":[155],"repair":[157,207],"crews":[158,208],"fault":[160],"mechanisms":[162],"indicates":[163],"while":[165],"human":[170],"effort":[171],"needed":[172],"failures,":[177],"it":[178],"lead":[180],"longer":[182],"down":[183],"times":[184],"less":[186],"incidents,":[188],"if":[189],"no":[190],"prevention":[191],"measures":[192],"are":[193],"taken.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"show":[197],"skill":[200],"sets":[201],"training":[203],"level":[204],"play":[209],"crucial":[211],"role":[212],"be":[215],"used":[216],"prevent":[218],"negative":[220],"low":[223],"frequency":[224],"incidents.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}