{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093808537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rita.2020.3033211","title":"Is the Gender Gap Narrowing in Higher Education Computing Studies? The Case of Norway, Spain, and Tunisia","display_name":"Is the Gender Gap Narrowing in Higher Education Computing Studies? The Case of Norway, Spain, and Tunisia","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093808537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rita.2020.3033211","mag":"3093808537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rita.2020.3033211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rita.2020.3033211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17848820","display_name":"IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje","issn_l":"1932-8540","issn":["1932-8540","2374-0132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038626586","display_name":"Ricardo Colomo\u2010Palacios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1555-9726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19923696","display_name":"\u00d8stfold University College","ror":"https://ror.org/04gf7fp41","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Colomo-Palacios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, \u00d8stfold University College, Halden, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1555-9726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, \u00d8stfold University College, Halden, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031295526","display_name":"Nesrine Ben Yahia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-4475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83259278","display_name":"Manouba University","ror":"https://ror.org/0503ejf32","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83259278"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nesrine Ben Yahia","raw_affiliation_strings":["National School of Computer Sciences, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Computer Sciences, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83259278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011676336","display_name":"Xabier Larrucea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6402-922X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","display_name":"Tecnalia","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv8hj62","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xabier Larrucea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnalia, Derio, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6402-922X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnalia, Derio, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112773637","display_name":"Cristina Casado\u2010Lumbreras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-6234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160027","display_name":"Departamento de Educaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/04d1zy188","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160027"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Casado-Lumbreras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3ny Psicolog\u00eda en Educaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3ny Psicolog\u00eda en Educaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160027"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83722782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"336","last_page":"343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.8108229041099548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-gap","display_name":"Gender gap","score":0.7530049085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"Unemployment","score":0.6517285108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.6264955997467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"Gross domestic product","score":0.6031153202056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5612695217132568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.533562421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment-rate","display_name":"Unemployment rate","score":0.4881323277950287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4544825553894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics","display_name":"Demographic economics","score":0.3823517858982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34352216124534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.31394127011299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.21611958742141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14055094122886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0919242799282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.08993902802467346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.8108229041099548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.7530049085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.6517285108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6264955997467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.6031153202056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5612695217132568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.533562421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994488168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment rate","level":3,"score":0.4881323277950287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4544825553894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3823517858982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34352216124534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31394127011299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.21611958742141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14055094122886658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0919242799282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.08993902802467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rita.2020.3033211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rita.2020.3033211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17848820","display_name":"IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje","issn_l":"1932-8540","issn":["1932-8540","2374-0132"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias del Aprendizaje","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dsp.tecnalia.com:11556/3908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11556/3908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402037","display_name":"TECNALIA Publications (Fundaci\u00f3n TECNALIA Research & Innovation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","host_organization_name":"Tecnalia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8053978424","display_name":"Information Technology Governance for Tunisian Universities","funder_award_id":"561614-EPP-1-2015-1-ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","funder_display_name":"Erasmus+"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","display_name":"Erasmus+","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589382802","https://openalex.org/W1598829572","https://openalex.org/W2049014520","https://openalex.org/W2058271572","https://openalex.org/W2118827961","https://openalex.org/W2162236906","https://openalex.org/W2587739827","https://openalex.org/W2604698985","https://openalex.org/W2769346836","https://openalex.org/W2786372958","https://openalex.org/W2810113300","https://openalex.org/W2886275612","https://openalex.org/W2891796828","https://openalex.org/W2900443850","https://openalex.org/W2904260202","https://openalex.org/W2905954624","https://openalex.org/W2908095306","https://openalex.org/W2923597699","https://openalex.org/W2943335418","https://openalex.org/W2946127223","https://openalex.org/W2953536955","https://openalex.org/W2955751172","https://openalex.org/W2971684690","https://openalex.org/W2989108201","https://openalex.org/W3103433768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106685271","https://openalex.org/W1926890542","https://openalex.org/W2355380582","https://openalex.org/W2104127844","https://openalex.org/W3203246407","https://openalex.org/W4318819745","https://openalex.org/W1532598854","https://openalex.org/W3123755682","https://openalex.org/W2465220714","https://openalex.org/W2800310157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditionally,":[0],"women":[1,21],"have":[2],"been":[3],"underrepresented":[4],"in":[5,12,22,26,31,47,51,72,83,123,187],"Computing":[6],"studies.":[7],"The":[8],"discipline":[9],"is":[10,126,159],"male-dominated":[11],"spite":[13],"of":[14,20,85,92,110,152,172],"the":[15,18,23,27,32,69,86,111,120,131,141,150,153],"efforts":[16],"promoting":[17],"participation":[19],"field,":[24],"both":[25],"student":[28,38],"base":[29],"and":[30,40,56,89,107,169,178,192],"professional":[33,41],"arena.":[34],"Literature":[35],"underlined":[36],"that":[37,119,133,157],"attraction":[39],"retention":[42],"are":[43],"aspects":[44,173],"to":[45,53,96,139,166,176,181,184,189,195],"analyse":[46],"a":[48,161,170],"sound":[49],"way":[50],"order":[52,188],"build":[54],"strong":[55],"grounded":[57],"theories":[58],"for":[59],"this":[60,65,97,167,196],"complex":[61],"misbalance":[62],"phenomenon.":[63,154],"In":[64,94,136],"scenario,":[66],"authors":[67,148],"study":[68,114],"gender":[70,121,142],"gap":[71,122,143],"computing":[73,124],"education":[74],"by":[75,144],"collecting":[76],"data":[77],"such":[78,101],"as":[79,102],"female":[80,90],"students":[81],"enrolled":[82],"one":[84],"mandatory":[87],"courses":[88],"members":[91],"faculty.":[93],"addition":[95],"data,":[98],"socio-economic":[99],"factors":[100],"Gross":[103],"Domestic":[104],"Product":[105],"(GDP)":[106],"unemployment":[108],"rate":[109],"countries":[112],"under":[113],"were":[115,134],"considered.":[116],"Results":[117],"show":[118],"studies":[125],"not":[127,160],"narrowing":[128],"significantly":[129],"despite":[130],"measures":[132],"undertaken.":[135],"an":[137],"attempt":[138],"explain":[140],"considering":[145],"macroeconomic":[146],"variables,":[147],"highlight":[149],"complexness":[151],"Authors":[155],"believe":[156],"there":[158],"single":[162],"answer":[163],"or":[164],"explanation":[165],"imbalance":[168],"variety":[171],"from":[174,179],"values":[175],"culture":[177],"economy":[180],"expectations":[182],"need":[183],"be":[185],"analysed":[186],"bring":[190],"answers":[191],"possible":[193],"solutions":[194],"tangible":[197],"problem.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
