{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095459933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rfid49298.2020.9244891","title":"3D-Printed Omnidirectional Luneburg Lens Retroreflectors for Low-Cost mm-Wave Positioning","display_name":"3D-Printed Omnidirectional Luneburg Lens Retroreflectors for Low-Cost mm-Wave Positioning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095459933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rfid49298.2020.9244891","mag":"3095459933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/rfid49298.2020.9244891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rfid49298.2020.9244891","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007283124","display_name":"Ryan Bahr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-020X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan A. Bahr","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115598041","display_name":"Ajibayo Adeyeye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5001-357X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajibayo O. Adeyeye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037295951","display_name":"Samantha Van Rijs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Van Rijs","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055827474","display_name":"Manos M. Tentzeris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-3577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manos M. Tentzeris","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007283124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.667,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62998624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luneburg-lens","display_name":"Luneburg lens","score":0.9113051891326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retroreflector","display_name":"Retroreflector","score":0.8130373954772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6350575685501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.6060410737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.46095138788223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.42877405881881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.418592244386673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3681325912475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31337296962738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.24439558386802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.24229001998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1859671175479889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.10864618420600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10265177488327026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780081114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739536","display_name":"Luneburg lens","level":3,"score":0.9113051891326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135339813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835","display_name":"Retroreflector","level":3,"score":0.8130373954772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6350575685501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.6060410737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.46095138788223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.42877405881881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.418592244386673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3681325912475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31337296962738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.24439558386802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.24229001998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1859671175479889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.10864618420600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10265177488327026}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/rfid49298.2020.9244891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rfid49298.2020.9244891","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W262434803","https://openalex.org/W1522844142","https://openalex.org/W2025319892","https://openalex.org/W2026565297","https://openalex.org/W2051707358","https://openalex.org/W2075702059","https://openalex.org/W2095219446","https://openalex.org/W2103574952","https://openalex.org/W2215407585","https://openalex.org/W2467929717","https://openalex.org/W2724857106","https://openalex.org/W2741918388","https://openalex.org/W2803023819","https://openalex.org/W2808664039","https://openalex.org/W2886718806","https://openalex.org/W2912640124","https://openalex.org/W2989313738","https://openalex.org/W6663376070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785097588","https://openalex.org/W2913879842","https://openalex.org/W4392908324","https://openalex.org/W4283802640","https://openalex.org/W2017141155","https://openalex.org/W1555958586","https://openalex.org/W4283395812","https://openalex.org/W4389271265","https://openalex.org/W2117743912","https://openalex.org/W2149397023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"the":[3,28,37,42,52,60,63,84,110],"use":[4,61],"of":[5,39,54,59,62],"low-cost":[6,99],"3D":[7],"printed":[8],"Luneburg":[9,16,49,73,129],"lenses":[10,17],"as":[11,123],"retroreflectors":[12,101],"in":[13,47,65,93,104,115,119],"microwave":[14],"applications.":[15,67],"have":[18,78],"previously":[19],"been":[20],"associated":[21],"with":[22,109],"unnecessarily":[23],"costly":[24],"structures":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,91,97,113],"stepped":[29],"gradient":[30,43],"index":[31],"using":[32],"multilayered":[33],"spherical":[34],"shells.":[35],"Within":[36],"context":[38],"additive":[40],"manufacturing,":[41],"dielectric":[44],"profile":[45],"utilized":[46],"a":[48,57,79,94,124],"lens":[50,74,130],"reduces":[51],"cost":[53],"fabrication,":[55],"enabling":[56],"reevaluation":[58],"device":[64],"modern":[66],"In":[68],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"additively":[71],"manufactured":[72],"retroreflector":[75],"topologies":[76],"which":[77,89],"near":[80],"omnidirectional":[81],"response":[82],"across":[83],"azimuthal":[85],"plane":[86],"are":[87],"demonstrated,":[88],"aim":[90],"function":[92],"similar":[95],"fashion":[96],"traditional":[98],"infrared-based":[100],"spheres":[102],"used":[103],"high":[105],"resolution":[106],"positioning":[107,139],"systems,":[108],"added":[111],"ability":[112],"work":[114],"low-visibility":[116],"conditions":[117],"or":[118],"infrared-saturated":[120],"environments,":[121],"such":[122],"sunny":[125],"day.":[126],"The":[127],"retroreflective":[128],"radar":[131],"cross":[132],"section":[133],"is":[134],"measured":[135],"and":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"basic":[138],"principles.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-03T08:47:05.690250","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
