{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039169898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/relaw.2012.6347807","title":"Towards successful subcontracting for software in small to medium-sized enterprises","display_name":"Towards successful subcontracting for software in small to medium-sized enterprises","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039169898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/relaw.2012.6347807","mag":"2039169898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/relaw.2012.6347807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/relaw.2012.6347807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017966584","display_name":"Bernd Westphal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6824-0567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Westphal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Germany","Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011381866","display_name":"Daniel Dietsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8947-5373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Dietsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Germany","Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015512841","display_name":"Sergio Feo-Arenis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7377-6649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Feo-Arenis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Germany","Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062411838","display_name":"Andreas Podelski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-9489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Podelski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Germany","Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Albert Ludwigs Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064097972","display_name":"Louis Pahlow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis Pahlow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes, Saarbruecken, Germany","Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029358102","display_name":"Jochen Morsbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen Morsbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110893869","display_name":"B\u00e1rbara Sommer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Sommer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051733561","display_name":"Anke Fuchs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anke Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004761568","display_name":"Christine Meierhofer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Meierhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Universit\u00e4t Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017966584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16160113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"42","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situated","display_name":"Situated","score":0.738836944103241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.5665769577026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5620614886283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5499550104141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidisciplinary-approach","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","score":0.5149170160293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4486142694950104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-software-engineering","display_name":"Social software engineering","score":0.4200131297111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.373957097530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.341745525598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24971267580986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.2280237078666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.2139679491519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06595399975776672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.738836944103241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5665769577026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5620614886283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5499550104141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.5149170160293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4486142694950104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182500959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551380","display_name":"Social software engineering","level":5,"score":0.4200131297111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.373957097530365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.341745525598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24971267580986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2280237078666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.2139679491519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06595399975776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/relaw.2012.6347807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/relaw.2012.6347807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82278062","https://openalex.org/W86571893","https://openalex.org/W149180343","https://openalex.org/W1545681762","https://openalex.org/W1963594138","https://openalex.org/W1966129525","https://openalex.org/W1974258029","https://openalex.org/W2016423021","https://openalex.org/W2105326846","https://openalex.org/W2112472122","https://openalex.org/W2114305512","https://openalex.org/W2123863234","https://openalex.org/W2541523317","https://openalex.org/W6605989445","https://openalex.org/W6632796942","https://openalex.org/W6641218099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394246622","https://openalex.org/W2120376006","https://openalex.org/W2349277904","https://openalex.org/W2057086629","https://openalex.org/W1263809299","https://openalex.org/W2024618940","https://openalex.org/W2137745965","https://openalex.org/W2167133781","https://openalex.org/W2168562866","https://openalex.org/W189375598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"small":[1],"to":[2,41,60,84],"medium":[3],"sized":[4],"enterprises":[5],"(SMEs)":[6],"that":[7],"specialise":[8],"in":[9,22,31,73,87],"electrical":[10],"or":[11],"communications":[12],"engineering":[13,78],"are":[14,71],"challenged":[15],"by":[16],"the":[17,74],"increasing":[18],"importance":[19],"of":[20,63,76],"software":[21,36,77],"their":[23],"products.":[24],"Although":[25],"they":[26,39],"have":[27],"a":[28],"strong":[29],"interest":[30],"subcontracting":[32],"competent":[33],"partners":[34],"for":[35,54],"development":[37],"tasks,":[38],"tend":[40],"refrain":[42],"from":[43],"doing":[44],"so.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47,55],"paper":[48],"we":[49],"identify":[50],"three":[51],"main":[52],"reasons":[53,70],"situation,":[56],"propose":[57],"an":[58,88],"approach":[59],"overcome":[61],"some":[62],"them":[64],"and":[65,79,81,90],"state":[66],"remaining":[67],"challenges.":[68],"Those":[69],"situated":[72],"intersection":[75],"jurisprudence":[80],"therefore":[82],"need":[83],"be":[85],"addressed":[86],"integrated":[89],"multidisciplinary":[91],"fashion.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}