{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1966752000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/relaw.2012.6347802","title":"Drafting and modeling of regulations: Is it being done backwards?","display_name":"Drafting and modeling of regulations: Is it being done backwards?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1966752000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/relaw.2012.6347802","mag":"1966752000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/relaw.2012.6347802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/relaw.2012.6347802","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022017833","display_name":"Edna Braun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334704838","display_name":"Transport Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/0238rs311","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334704838"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edna Braun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aviation Security Directorate, Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada","Aviation Security Directorate Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aviation Security Directorate, Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334704838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aviation Security Directorate Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334704838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039030860","display_name":"Nick Cartwright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-228X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334704838","display_name":"Transport Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/0238rs311","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334704838"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Cartwright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aviation Security Directorate, Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada","Aviation Security Directorate Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aviation Security Directorate, Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334704838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aviation Security Directorate Transport Canada, Ottawa, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334704838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012668789","display_name":"Azalia Shamsaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azalia Shamsaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022772319","display_name":"Saeed Ahmadi Behnam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Ahmadi Behnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013585339","display_name":"Gregory Richards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6585-4152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Richards","raw_affiliation_strings":["EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS and Telfer School of Mgmt., University of Ottawa, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113550853","display_name":"Gunter Mussbacher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunter Mussbacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCE, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCE, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032208955","display_name":"Mohammad Alhaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-8895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Alhaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCE, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCE, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060954656","display_name":"Rasha Tawhid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasha Tawhid","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCE, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCE, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clarity","display_name":"CLARITY","score":0.7774643898010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.5878196954727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.5379588603973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5202549695968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.36241304874420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3214263319969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.25514712929725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22098568081855774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.7774643898010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5878196954727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5379588603973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5202549695968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.36241304874420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3214263319969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25514712929725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22098568081855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/relaw.2012.6347802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/relaw.2012.6347802","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315159","display_name":"Transport Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/0238rs311"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183163895","https://openalex.org/W1517229853","https://openalex.org/W1587436021","https://openalex.org/W1592714687","https://openalex.org/W1605405386","https://openalex.org/W1996677066","https://openalex.org/W2093562400","https://openalex.org/W2102069200","https://openalex.org/W2106560733","https://openalex.org/W2115263189","https://openalex.org/W2124832057","https://openalex.org/W2128143860","https://openalex.org/W2130105460","https://openalex.org/W2167209520","https://openalex.org/W2210861432","https://openalex.org/W4253041212","https://openalex.org/W6635239195","https://openalex.org/W6635247028","https://openalex.org/W6636238388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086338133","https://openalex.org/W4367679314","https://openalex.org/W225526533","https://openalex.org/W2078361494","https://openalex.org/W2009234990","https://openalex.org/W4244083766","https://openalex.org/W2091016074","https://openalex.org/W2134615400","https://openalex.org/W2023583523","https://openalex.org/W2022769024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37],"performance":[1,30,89],"modeling":[2,31,90,117,154,171],"of":[3,29,40,56,88,99,118,134,144,147,155,183],"regulations":[4,22,42,45,58,128],"is":[5,46,168],"a":[6,174],"relatively":[7],"recent":[8],"innovation.":[9],"However,":[10],"as":[11,94],"regulators":[12],"in":[13,52,101,177],"many":[14],"domains":[15],"increasingly":[16],"look":[17],"to":[18,71,77,131,172,179],"move":[19],"from":[20],"prescriptive":[21,44],"towards":[23],"more":[24,34],"outcome-based":[25,41],"regulations,":[26,119,164],"the":[27,48,57,72,86,116,123,140,149,181],"use":[28,87],"will":[32],"become":[33],"common":[35],"place.":[36],"major":[38],"difference":[39],"over":[43],"that":[47,85],"main":[49],"interest":[50],"lies":[51],"specifying":[53],"clear":[54],"objectives":[55],"and":[59,97,120,142],"measuring":[60],"whether":[61,122],"regulated":[62,73],"parties":[63],"achieve":[64],"these":[65,79,111,135],"objectives,":[66],"while":[67],"leaving":[68],"much":[69],"freedom":[70],"party":[74],"on":[75,110,158],"how":[76],"meet":[78],"objectives.":[80],"Recently,":[81],"we":[82,108,165],"have":[83],"found":[84],"provides":[91],"benefits":[92],"such":[93],"revealing":[95],"inconsistencies":[96],"lack":[98],"clarity":[100],"existing":[102],"regulatory":[103],"language.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106],"paper,":[107],"report":[109],"experiences,":[112],"summarize":[113],"guidelines":[114],"for":[115,127,170],"examine":[121],"current":[124,150],"drafting":[125,182],"processes":[126],"are":[129],"optimized":[130],"take":[132],"advantage":[133],"additional":[136],"benefits.":[137],"We":[138],"explore":[139],"advantages":[141],"disadvantages":[143],"various":[145],"ways":[146],"augmenting":[148],"approach":[151],"with":[152,161],"goal-oriented":[153],"regulations.":[156,184],"Based":[157],"our":[159],"experience":[160],"Aviation":[162],"Security":[163],"believe":[166],"it":[167],"time":[169],"play":[173],"new":[175],"role":[176],"helping":[178],"guide":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
