{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4328028451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs57517.2022.00040","title":"An Ontological Analysis of Safety-Critical Software and Its Anomalies","display_name":"An Ontological Analysis of Safety-Critical Software and Its Anomalies","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4328028451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs57517.2022.00040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/qrs57517.2022.00040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qrs57517.2022.00040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security (QRS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049825373","display_name":"Hezhen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hezhen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd,Reliability Technology Lab,Shenzhen,China,518129"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd,Reliability Technology Lab,Shenzhen,China,518129","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049100391","display_name":"Zhi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University),Ministry of Education,Beijing,China,100871","Institute of Software, School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University),Ministry of Education,Beijing,China,100871","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software, School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459073","display_name":"Zheng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-9067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University,School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering,Beijing,China,100191"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University,School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering,Beijing,China,100191","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057248193","display_name":"Chengqiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7555-5639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengqiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd,Reliability Technology Lab,Shenzhen,China,518129"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd,Reliability Technology Lab,Shenzhen,China,518129","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624366","display_name":"Xun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-1969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd,Reliability Technology Lab,Shenzhen,China,518129"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd,Reliability Technology Lab,Shenzhen,China,518129","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049825373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59947558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":"311","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependability","display_name":"Dependability","score":0.6352474093437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6275284290313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.5505247712135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-critical-system","display_name":"Life-critical system","score":0.5372215509414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5154365301132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5109862089157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verification-and-validation","display_name":"Verification and validation","score":0.5080616474151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.506705105304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4387088716030121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.37502580881118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20186206698417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06278559565544128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77019957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2689057","display_name":"Dependability","level":2,"score":0.6352474093437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6275284290313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.5505247712135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163707989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1996307","display_name":"Life-critical system","level":3,"score":0.5372215509414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5154365301132202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5109862089157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.5080616474151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.506705105304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4387088716030121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.37502580881118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20186206698417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06278559565544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/qrs57517.2022.00040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qrs57517.2022.00040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security (QRS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42907978","https://openalex.org/W63608782","https://openalex.org/W72479319","https://openalex.org/W143739651","https://openalex.org/W1488412441","https://openalex.org/W2020536195","https://openalex.org/W2043836359","https://openalex.org/W2050589219","https://openalex.org/W2097331548","https://openalex.org/W2105539612","https://openalex.org/W2113435553","https://openalex.org/W2115179079","https://openalex.org/W2145071552","https://openalex.org/W2150618860","https://openalex.org/W2153242493","https://openalex.org/W2184566572","https://openalex.org/W2243833967","https://openalex.org/W2295165282","https://openalex.org/W2398026559","https://openalex.org/W2398557131","https://openalex.org/W2402741556","https://openalex.org/W2407733788","https://openalex.org/W2476013520","https://openalex.org/W2621970111","https://openalex.org/W2786131382","https://openalex.org/W2797516347","https://openalex.org/W2953712093","https://openalex.org/W3160357906","https://openalex.org/W4200230695","https://openalex.org/W4210562780","https://openalex.org/W4213183090","https://openalex.org/W4229497965","https://openalex.org/W4240399399","https://openalex.org/W4242182825","https://openalex.org/W4249124268","https://openalex.org/W6602944511","https://openalex.org/W6608384563","https://openalex.org/W6629183632","https://openalex.org/W6639117158","https://openalex.org/W6676368012","https://openalex.org/W6681968947","https://openalex.org/W6712452814","https://openalex.org/W6713176131","https://openalex.org/W7062721356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392120306","https://openalex.org/W4214941981","https://openalex.org/W128313926","https://openalex.org/W2121034600","https://openalex.org/W4247246286","https://openalex.org/W2560461391","https://openalex.org/W2154892829","https://openalex.org/W2365285506","https://openalex.org/W4243007457","https://openalex.org/W2790258116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,104],"progressively":[1],"dominant":[2],"role":[3],"of":[4,64,107,117,130,137,139,185,193,206],"software":[5,13,24,32,44,56,83,94,109,118,132,140,187,204],"in":[6,79,112],"safety-critical":[7,93,102,108,131,208],"systems":[8],"raise":[9],"concerns":[10],"about":[11],"the":[12,101,114,121,128,175,186,191],"dependability.":[14],"There":[15],"are":[16,50,161],"limited":[17],"mature":[18],"practices":[19],"and":[20,26,40,82,87,100,120,133,142,156,168,190],"guides":[21],"for":[22,92],"assessing":[23],"dependability":[25],"analyzing":[27],"system-level":[28],"hazards":[29],"triggered":[30],"by":[31],"anomalies.":[33],"A":[34],"problem":[35],"is":[36,89],"that":[37,42],"faults,":[38],"errors,":[39],"failures":[41],"represent":[43],"anomalies,":[45],"albeit":[46],"with":[47],"different":[48],"natures,":[49],"usually":[51],"used":[52],"indistinctly":[53],"to":[54,59,70,96],"predict":[55],"dependability,":[57],"leading":[58],"unsolid":[60],"results.":[61],"lack":[63],"such":[65],"consensual":[66],"conceptualization":[67],"also":[68,173],"leads":[69],"poor":[71],"interoperability":[72],"between":[73],"supporting":[74],"tools,":[75],"and,":[76],"consequently,":[77],"difficulties":[78,111],"anomaly":[80,188],"management":[81,88],"maintenance.":[84],"Anomaly":[85],"analysis":[86],"more":[90],"tough":[91],"due":[95],"its":[97],"higher":[98],"complexity":[99],"nature.":[103],"complex":[105],"context":[106],"causes":[110],"determining":[113],"evolution/propagation":[115],"path":[116],"anomalies":[119,141],"impact":[122],"on":[123,164],"system":[124],"safety.":[125],"To":[126],"capture":[127],"nature":[129],"support":[134],"an":[135],"understanding":[136,184],"mechanisms":[138,189],"associated":[143],"hazards,":[144],"we":[145],"propose":[146],"three":[147],"reference":[148],"ontologies:":[149],"Safety-critical":[150],"Software":[151,153],"Ontology,":[152,159],"Fault":[154],"Ontology":[155],"Software-failure-induced":[157],"Hazard":[158],"which":[160],"built":[162],"based":[163],"international":[165],"standards,":[166],"guides,":[167],"relevant":[169],"conceptual":[170],"models.":[171],"We":[172,196],"discuss":[174],"relationships":[176],"among":[177],"them.":[178],"That":[179],"will":[180],"facilitate":[181],"a":[182],"better":[183],"design":[192],"intervening/mitigation":[194],"solutions.":[195],"demonstrate":[197],"how":[198],"these":[199],"ontologies":[200],"can":[201],"help":[202],"analyze":[203],"problems":[205],"real-world":[207],"systems.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}