{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415744222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00083","title":"A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Approaches with Different Feature Combination Strategies for Traceability Link Recovery","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Approaches with Different Feature Combination Strategies for Traceability Link Recovery","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415744222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00083"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00083","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 25th International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability, and Security Companion (QRS-C)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004086053","display_name":"Yuanbang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1577-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanbang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhoukou Normal University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Zhoukou,China,466000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhoukou Normal University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Zhoukou,China,466000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048465231","display_name":"Wei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3723-1753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Textile University,School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,Wuhan,China,430200"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Textile University,School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,Wuhan,China,430200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436442","display_name":"Siyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2961-8655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Textile University,School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,Wuhan,China,430200"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Textile University,School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,Wuhan,China,430200","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078083652","display_name":"Rong Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-9409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhoukou Normal University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Zhoukou,China,466000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhoukou Normal University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Zhoukou,China,466000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100460005","display_name":"Zhizhong Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-1073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhu Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhoukou Normal University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Zhoukou,China,466000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhoukou Normal University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Zhoukou,China,466000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004086053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46957533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"636","last_page":"647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.7243000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6226000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.3562000095844269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.751800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.7243000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7196000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6226000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101814296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439685","display_name":"Feature model","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00083","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 25th International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability, and Security Companion (QRS-C)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87753372","https://openalex.org/W2005350125","https://openalex.org/W2033020528","https://openalex.org/W2118202700","https://openalex.org/W2125603046","https://openalex.org/W2128581098","https://openalex.org/W2140264852","https://openalex.org/W2149072143","https://openalex.org/W2618735982","https://openalex.org/W2921638471","https://openalex.org/W3041829874","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3162044134","https://openalex.org/W4248366186","https://openalex.org/W4251218026","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4384039146","https://openalex.org/W4402908288"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traceability":[0],"Link":[1],"Recovery":[2],"(TLR)":[3],"is":[4,106],"crucial":[5],"in":[6,13,20],"software":[7],"maintenance":[8],"and":[9,42,46,88],"evolution.":[10],"Recent":[11],"advances":[12],"deep":[14,33,85,97],"learning":[15,34,86],"have":[16],"shown":[17],"promising":[18],"results":[19,77],"improving":[21],"TLR":[22,50,99],"accuracy.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"presents":[26],"a":[27],"comprehensive":[28],"comparative":[29],"study":[30,105],"of":[31,83],"various":[32],"approaches,":[35],"including":[36],"traditional":[37,72],"embedding":[38],"methods":[39],"(Word2Vec,":[40],"GloVe)":[41],"transformer-based":[43],"models":[44],"(BERT":[45],"its":[47],"variants),":[48],"for":[49,95,103],"tasks.":[51],"We":[52],"systematically":[53],"evaluate":[54],"these":[55],"approaches":[56,87],"with":[57,71],"different":[58,84],"feature":[59,89],"combination":[60],"strategies":[61],"across":[62],"three":[63],"open-source":[64],"projects.":[65],"Additionally,":[66],"we":[67],"compare":[68],"their":[69],"performance":[70],"information":[73],"retrieval":[74],"methods.":[75],"Our":[76],"provide":[78],"insights":[79],"into":[80],"the":[81],"effectiveness":[82],"interaction":[90],"patterns,":[91],"offering":[92],"practical":[93],"guidelines":[94],"implementing":[96],"learning-based":[98],"solutions.":[100],"The":[101],"code":[102],"this":[104],"available":[107],"at":[108],"https://github.com/NICERTYU/Experiments-code-for-Deep-Learning-Test-Selection.git.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-31T00:00:00"}
