{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415744175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00028","title":"HFLD: A Secure and Scalable Hybrid Framework for Intelligent V2X Communications in Next-Generation Wireless Networks","display_name":"HFLD: A Secure and Scalable Hybrid Framework for Intelligent V2X Communications in Next-Generation Wireless Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415744175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00028"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00028","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 25th International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability, and Security Companion (QRS-C)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055518267","display_name":"Sangsha Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-9013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sangsha Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wenzhou Business College,School of Information Engineering,Wenzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wenzhou Business College,School of Information Engineering,Wenzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059050890","display_name":"Fakhar Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-5713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fakhar Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Center for Trusted Internet &#x0026; Community,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Center for Trusted Internet &#x0026; Community,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101612148","display_name":"Tao Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-5247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Suzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Suzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007438360","display_name":"Mehboob Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-206X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehboob Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Jiaotong University,School of Information Science and Technology,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077615805","display_name":"Zuohua Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-7836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuohua Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Hangzhou,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055518267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3076633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"147","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7049000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5825999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.32260000705718994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7559000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7049000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5825999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5748000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5501000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15845906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172338","display_name":"Data exchange","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189693848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information exchange","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197298091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318963","display_name":"Dynamic data","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qrs-c65679.2025.00028","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 25th International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability, and Security Companion (QRS-C)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3112379500","https://openalex.org/W3194691114","https://openalex.org/W4285168489","https://openalex.org/W4298127657","https://openalex.org/W4384938386","https://openalex.org/W4385453555","https://openalex.org/W4385756439","https://openalex.org/W4392484169","https://openalex.org/W4393333034","https://openalex.org/W4396668654","https://openalex.org/W4400647460","https://openalex.org/W4400649839","https://openalex.org/W4401667358","https://openalex.org/W4401871087","https://openalex.org/W4404132778","https://openalex.org/W4405489031","https://openalex.org/W4405612257","https://openalex.org/W4407168874","https://openalex.org/W4408860665"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,100,158,178],"rapid":[1],"evolution":[2],"of":[3,102,151,184],"wireless":[4,41,196,208],"technologies":[5],"has":[6],"significantly":[7],"advanced":[8],"vehicle-to-everything":[9],"(V2X)":[10],"communications,":[11],"enabling":[12],"ultra-reliable,":[13],"low-latency,":[14],"and":[15,27,35,54,77,89,96,116,131,139,169,191,204],"privacy-preserving":[16],"connectivity.":[17],"However,":[18],"persistent":[19],"challenges,":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22,187],"dynamic":[23,117,123],"latency,":[24,51,88,165],"vehicle":[25],"behavior,":[26],"escalating":[28],"cybersecurity":[29],"threats,":[30],"continue":[31],"to":[32,49,83,135],"impede":[33],"secure":[34],"efficient":[36,192],"data":[37,91,114,171],"exchange":[38],"in":[39,93,164],"next-generation":[40,195,207],"networks.":[42,209],"Existing":[43],"approaches":[44],"often":[45],"fall":[46],"short":[47],"due":[48],"high":[50],"privacy":[52,92],"vulnerabilities,":[53],"limited":[55],"support":[56],"for":[57,194,202],"cooperative":[58,137],"communication.":[59],"To":[60],"address":[61],"these":[62],"gaps,":[63],"we":[64,127,147],"propose":[65],"a":[66,121,129,188],"scalable":[67],"hybrid":[68,153],"framework":[69,154,186],"by":[70],"fusing":[71],"the":[72,149,182,200],"large":[73],"language":[74],"models":[75],"(LLMs)":[76],"distributed":[78],"ledger":[79],"technology":[80],"(DLT)":[81],"(HFLD)":[82],"improve":[84],"communication":[85,197],"reliability,":[86],"reduce":[87],"enhance":[90],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[94],"(V2V)":[95],"vehicle-to-infrastructure":[97],"(V2I)":[98],"scenarios.":[99],"fusion":[101],"DLT\u2019s":[103],"decentralized,":[104],"tamper-resistant":[105],"architecture":[106],"with":[107],"LLMs\u2019":[108],"real-time":[109],"inference":[110],"capabilities":[111],"enables":[112],"robust":[113],"integrity":[115],"system":[118],"optimization":[119],"under":[120,174],"highly":[122],"traffic":[124,176],"environment.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"introduce":[128],"reward":[130],"trust":[132],"evaluation":[133],"mechanism":[134],"incentivize":[136],"behavior":[138],"maintain":[140],"network":[141,167],"stability.":[142],"Through":[143],"comprehensive":[144],"simulation":[145,159],"experiments,":[146],"validate":[148],"performance":[150],"our":[152,185],"against":[155],"existing":[156],"techniques.":[157],"results":[160,180],"demonstrate":[161],"significant":[162],"improvements":[163],"fairness,":[166],"throughput,":[168],"consistent":[170],"integrity,":[172],"even":[173],"dense":[175],"situations.":[177],"experimental":[179],"highlight":[181],"potential":[183],"scalable,":[189],"secure,":[190],"solution":[193],"systems,":[198],"paving":[199],"way":[201],"safer":[203],"more":[205],"reliable":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-31T00:00:00"}
