{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2469918093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qomex.2016.7498956","title":"Bitrate classification of twice-encoded audio using objective quality features","display_name":"Bitrate classification of twice-encoded audio using objective quality features","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2469918093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qomex.2016.7498956","mag":"2469918093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/qomex.2016.7498956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qomex.2016.7498956","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Eighth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1210&context=scschcomcon","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037015351","display_name":"Colm Sloan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colm Sloan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sigmedia, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigmedia, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042231269","display_name":"Naomi Harte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-209X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naomi Harte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sigmedia, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigmedia, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102719208","display_name":"Damien P. Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-4801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damien Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073540444","display_name":"Anil Kokaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5304-6238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil C. Kokaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008608844","display_name":"Andrew Hines","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-2556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Hines","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland","Sigmedia, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sigmedia, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0421396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8528455495834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.7504945397377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.6680073142051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codec","display_name":"Codec","score":0.6458922028541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.4453688859939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-audio","display_name":"Digital audio","score":0.42527443170547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/file-size","display_name":"File size","score":0.42085641622543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.41431787610054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33263933658599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.32761263847351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.31155288219451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.28658515214920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.2607424259185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.20527192950248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18407884240150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17438486218452454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8528455495834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.7504945397377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.6680073142051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161765866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184748","display_name":"Codec","level":2,"score":0.6458922028541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.4453688859939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87687168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173114","display_name":"Digital audio","level":4,"score":0.42527443170547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146367","display_name":"File size","level":2,"score":0.42085641622543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.41431787610054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33263933658599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.32761263847351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.31155288219451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.28658515214920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.2607424259185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.20527192950248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18407884240150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17438486218452454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/qomex.2016.7498956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qomex.2016.7498956","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Eighth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arrow.tudublin.ie:scschcomcon-1210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/scschcomcon/205","pdf_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1210&context=scschcomcon","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196307","display_name":"Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Conference papers","raw_type":"conferencepaper"},{"id":"pmh:http://www.rian.ie/140004/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arrow.dit.ie/scschcomcon/205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400033","display_name":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I115570527","host_organization_name":"Dublin Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115570527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Conference papers","raw_type":"Conference item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arrow.tudublin.ie:scschcomcon-1210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/scschcomcon/205","pdf_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1210&context=scschcomcon","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196307","display_name":"Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Conference papers","raw_type":"conferencepaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6586979110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7226090481","display_name":"CONNECT: The Centre for Future Networks & Communications","funder_award_id":"13/RC/2077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2469918093.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2469918093.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496883935","https://openalex.org/W1499623165","https://openalex.org/W1976188834","https://openalex.org/W2022975157","https://openalex.org/W2040151471","https://openalex.org/W2076468008","https://openalex.org/W2151167680","https://openalex.org/W2152474465","https://openalex.org/W2252085280","https://openalex.org/W2535243115","https://openalex.org/W6677219658","https://openalex.org/W6691604839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2973199290","https://openalex.org/W2903809284","https://openalex.org/W2543961871","https://openalex.org/W115846640","https://openalex.org/W2032656843","https://openalex.org/W3080891080","https://openalex.org/W2786092127","https://openalex.org/W2786376957","https://openalex.org/W2078906501","https://openalex.org/W4231797909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"a":[1,7,42,101,109,121,156],"user":[2],"uploads":[3],"audio":[4,113,141],"files":[5,12,40,49,60,70,82,131],"to":[6,16,19,75,83],"music":[8],"streaming":[9,73],"service,":[10],"these":[11,48],"are":[13],"subsequently":[14],"re-encoded":[15],"lower":[17],"bitrates":[18,84],"target":[20],"different":[21],"devices,":[22],"e.g.":[23],"low":[24,134],"bitrate":[25,67,135],"for":[26,47],"mobile.":[27],"To":[28],"save":[29],"time":[30],"and":[31,95],"bandwidth":[32],"uploading":[33],"files,":[34,91],"some":[35],"users":[36,55],"encode":[37],"their":[38,59],"original":[39],"using":[41,140],"lossy":[43],"codec.":[44],"The":[45,144],"metadata":[46],"cannot":[50],"always":[51],"be":[52,138],"trusted":[53],"as":[54,116],"might":[56],"have":[57],"encoded":[58],"more":[61],"than":[62,86],"once.":[63],"Determining":[64],"the":[65,69,72,77,81,89,150],"lowest":[66],"of":[68,79,88,152],"allows":[71],"service":[74],"skip":[76],"process":[78],"encoding":[80],"higher":[85],"that":[87,103,133],"uploaded":[90],"saving":[92],"on":[93,129],"processing":[94],"storage":[96],"space.":[97],"This":[98],"paper":[99],"presents":[100],"model":[102],"uses":[104],"quality":[105,114,142,157],"predictions":[106],"from":[107,155],"ViSQOLAudio,":[108],"full":[110],"reference":[111],"objective":[112],"metric,":[115],"features":[117],"in":[118],"combination":[119],"with":[120],"multi-class":[122],"support":[123],"vector":[124],"machine":[125],"classifier.":[126],"An":[127],"experiment":[128,145],"twice-encoded":[130],"found":[132],"codecs":[136],"could":[137],"classified":[139],"features.":[143],"also":[146],"provides":[147],"insights":[148],"into":[149],"implications":[151],"multiple":[153],"transcodes":[154],"perspective.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}