{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416874490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00145","title":"A Two-Level Control Framework for Quantum Networks","display_name":"A Two-Level Control Framework for Quantum Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416874490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00145"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/qce65121.2025.00145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014614284","display_name":"Se-young Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3503-9573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Se-young Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003630239","display_name":"Elia Perego","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-2326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elia Perego","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050011252","display_name":"Justin Phillips","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038012602","display_name":"You-Wei Cheah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-4901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You-Wei Cheah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077468443","display_name":"Prathwiraj Umesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6210-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prathwiraj Umesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100884365","display_name":"Guangqi Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-5383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangqi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752423","display_name":"Jiarui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-569X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiarui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066848682","display_name":"Ezra Kissel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-9651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezra Kissel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120532003","display_name":"Michael Bregar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Bregar","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102526479","display_name":"Ke Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101970476","display_name":"Qiming Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2658-8132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiming Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077985301","display_name":"Raju Valivarthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-9340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raju Valivarthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059488266","display_name":"Erhan Sa\u011flamy\u00fcrek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7319-367X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erhan Saglamyurek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111829399","display_name":"Wenji Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenji Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107388490","display_name":"M. Spiropulu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Spiropulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114020729","display_name":"Hartmut H\u00e4ffner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hartmut H\u00e4ffner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073240021","display_name":"Inder Monga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-0457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inder Monga","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89414964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1302","last_page":"1311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.8881000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.8881000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.5863000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information-science","display_name":"Quantum information science","score":0.35530000925064087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6460999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.5863000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3709000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74925373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4175911","display_name":"Control network","level":3,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190474826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111","display_name":"Open quantum system","level":3,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984281365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906781","display_name":"Quantum control","level":3,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778926657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum system","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/qce65121.2025.00145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2018501701","https://openalex.org/W2028000824","https://openalex.org/W2098474960","https://openalex.org/W2107268569","https://openalex.org/W2117593045","https://openalex.org/W2147427819","https://openalex.org/W2508902623","https://openalex.org/W2766678783","https://openalex.org/W2776229398","https://openalex.org/W2897264299","https://openalex.org/W2976195878","https://openalex.org/W2990560604","https://openalex.org/W3015893859","https://openalex.org/W3109862087","https://openalex.org/W3118428022","https://openalex.org/W3126276693","https://openalex.org/W3147304834","https://openalex.org/W3155896897","https://openalex.org/W4281489365","https://openalex.org/W4294320751","https://openalex.org/W4307506202","https://openalex.org/W4385861522","https://openalex.org/W4389990376","https://openalex.org/W4390906822","https://openalex.org/W4396918865","https://openalex.org/W4406261802","https://openalex.org/W4408357227"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"network":[1,18,35,127,161],"control":[2,19,36,71,101,119,153],"is":[3],"a":[4,16,33,69,78,80],"major":[5],"research":[6],"area":[7],"of":[8],"the":[9,26,42,104,112,122,133,155,158,168],"QUANT-NET":[10,169],"project.":[11],"We":[12],"strive":[13],"to":[14,21,30,46,86],"build":[15],"quantum":[17,34,74,126,138,160],"plane":[20,37],"orchestrate":[22],"and":[23,29,49,54,60,95,103,109,121,141,157],"manage":[24],"all":[25],"physicallayer":[27],"technologies,":[28],"explore":[31],"what":[32],"should":[38],"look":[39],"like":[40],"in":[41,56,111,132,167],"future,":[43],"so":[44],"as":[45],"automate":[47],"high-rate":[48],"high-fidelity":[50],"entanglement":[51],"generation,":[52],"distribution,":[53],"storage":[55],"an":[57],"efficient,":[58],"reliable,":[59],"cost-effective":[61],"way.":[62],"To":[63],"these":[64],"ends,":[65],"we":[66,149],"have":[67,129,164],"designed":[68],"two-level":[70,81,100,118,152],"framework":[72,102,120],"for":[73],"networks.":[75],"Within":[76],"such":[77],"framework,":[79,154],"scheduler":[82,105],"has":[83],"been":[84,130,165],"implemented":[85],"support":[87],"synchronous":[88],"time":[89],"slot":[90],"scheduling,":[91],"network-wide":[92],"non-real-time":[93],"control,":[94],"nodewide":[96],"real-time":[97],"control.":[98],"This":[99],"are":[106],"being":[107],"deployed":[108],"evaluated":[110],"QUANTNET":[113],"testbed.":[114,170],"Enabled":[115],"by":[116],"this":[117,147,151],"scheduler,":[123,156],"several":[124],"basic":[125],"operations":[128,162],"automated":[131,137,159],"testbed,":[134],"which":[135],"include":[136],"node":[139],"calibration":[140],"on-demand":[142],"single":[143],"photon":[144],"generation.":[145],"In":[146],"paper,":[148],"present":[150],"that":[163],"enabled":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}