{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416874802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00140","title":"The Proportional Fair Scheduler in Wavelength-Multiplexed Quantum Networks","display_name":"The Proportional Fair Scheduler in Wavelength-Multiplexed Quantum Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416874802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/qce65121.2025.00140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QCE65121.2025.00140","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020730282","display_name":"Sanidhay Bhambay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1601-1543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanidhay Bhambay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University Business School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089800197","display_name":"Siddarth Koduru Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-457X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddarth Koduru Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol,Quantum Engineering Technology Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol,Quantum Engineering Technology Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083160900","display_name":"Thirupathaiah Vasantam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-2701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thirupathaiah Vasantam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068542108","display_name":"Neil Walton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-9765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Walton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University Business School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33270012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1252","last_page":"1262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9287999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9287999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.03909999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.7505000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.5322999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information-science","display_name":"Quantum information science","score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-channel","display_name":"Quantum channel","score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-communication","display_name":"Secure communication","score":0.3294999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.7505000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7111999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.5322999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11867375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5430671","display_name":"Fairness measure","level":4,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104434177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Photon entanglement","level":4,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177972170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17097315","display_name":"Max-min fairness","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86127852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250364","display_name":"Proportionally fair","level":5,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/qce65121.2025.00140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:4280610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QCE65121.2025.00140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Presentation / Conference Contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:4280610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QCE65121.2025.00140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Presentation / Conference Contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508416470","https://openalex.org/W1987497363","https://openalex.org/W2000446243","https://openalex.org/W2018263239","https://openalex.org/W2033129021","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2092105345","https://openalex.org/W2121213780","https://openalex.org/W2141789294","https://openalex.org/W2147524058","https://openalex.org/W2161872841","https://openalex.org/W2167927798","https://openalex.org/W2273682834","https://openalex.org/W2473315843","https://openalex.org/W2479152214","https://openalex.org/W2784806875","https://openalex.org/W2995235436","https://openalex.org/W3038067977","https://openalex.org/W4226212824","https://openalex.org/W4389160961","https://openalex.org/W4394963630","https://openalex.org/W4400906231","https://openalex.org/W4405907033","https://openalex.org/W4406261643"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,160],"address":[1,166],"the":[2,67,123,153,212],"problem":[3,141],"of":[4,69,86,125,149,155,211],"optimal":[5,234],"pumping":[6,87,163,180,246],"strategies":[7,164],"in":[8,90,96,169,217,255],"quantum":[9,49,70,209,256],"networks.":[10,61,171,223,257],"These":[11,132],"networks":[12,78,210],"enable":[13],"secure":[14,40],"communication":[15,41,50],"by":[16,185],"distributing":[17],"entangled":[18,37,88,236],"photon":[19],"pairs":[20,151],"to":[21,152,208],"user":[22,150],"(or":[23],"node)":[24],"pairs.":[25],"Quantum":[26],"Key":[27],"Distribution":[28],"(QKD)":[29],"protocols,":[30],"like":[31],"BBM92,":[32],"generate":[33],"secret":[34,80,128,192],"keys":[35],"from":[36],"photons.":[38],"While":[39],"and":[42,55,105,134,195,220,227,239],"error":[43],"correction":[44],"are":[45,58,83,102],"essential":[46],"for":[47,60,76,235,251],"any":[48],"channel,":[51],"resource":[52,253],"contention,":[53],"optimization,":[54],"fairness":[56,179,198],"issues":[57],"critical":[59],"In":[62,172],"this":[63],"article,":[64],"we":[65,174],"analyze":[66],"performance":[68],"networks,":[71,92],"proposing":[72],"simple":[73],"distributed":[74],"algorithms":[75],"QKD":[77,91,170],"generating":[79],"keys.":[81],"There":[82],"significant":[84],"advantages":[85],"photons":[89],"but":[93],"challenges":[94,168],"arise":[95],"practical":[97],"implementations.":[98],"The":[99,201],"underlying":[100],"channels":[101],"inherently":[103],"time-varying,":[104],"thus":[106],"data":[107],"rates":[108,194],"fluctuate":[109],"between":[110],"nodes.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"multiple":[113],"edges":[114],"(node":[115],"pairs)":[116],"can":[117],"be":[118],"pumped":[119],"simultaneously,":[120],"albeit":[121],"at":[122],"cost":[124],"a":[126,138,146,177,205,248],"reduced":[127],"key":[129,193],"rate":[130],"(SKR).":[131],"temporal":[133],"spatial":[135],"constraints":[136],"yield":[137],"complex":[139],"decision-making":[140],"whose":[142],"solutions":[143],"may":[144],"favor":[145],"small":[147],"set":[148],"detriment":[154],"overall,":[156],"long-run":[157],"network":[158],"performance.":[159],"design":[161],"adaptive":[162],"that":[165,176,231],"these":[167],"particular,":[173],"find":[175],"proportional":[178,244],"strategy":[181],"(PF-PS)":[182],"stands":[183],"out":[184],"dynamically":[186],"prioritizing":[187],"users":[188],"with":[189,199],"lower":[190],"average":[191],"optimally":[196],"balancing":[197],"throughput.":[200],"proposed":[202],"algorithm":[203],"is":[204,233,247],"natural":[206],"extension":[207],"Proportional":[213],"Fair":[214],"Scheduler":[215],"deployed":[216],"4G":[218],"LTE":[219],"5G":[221],"mobile":[222],"Both":[224],"theoretical":[225],"analysis":[226],"numerical":[228],"simulations":[229],"confirm":[230],"PF-PS":[232],"state":[237],"distribution,":[238],"thus,":[240],"when":[241],"adapted":[242],"appropriately,":[243],"fair":[245],"strong":[249],"candidate":[250],"efficient":[252],"allocation":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}
