{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416874922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00024","title":"Efficient Quantum Gradient and Higher-Order Derivative Estimation Via Generalized Hadamard Test","display_name":"Efficient Quantum Gradient and Higher-Order Derivative Estimation Via Generalized Hadamard Test","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416874922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00024"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/qce65121.2025.00024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102689613","display_name":"Dantong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dantong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084096730","display_name":"Dikshant Dulal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2162-9751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145818","display_name":"Yale-NUS College","ror":null,"country_code":"SG","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145818"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dikshant Dulal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale-NUS College,Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale-NUS College,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107473906","display_name":"Mykhailo Ohorodnikov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164689","display_name":"SoftServe (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05pqsb912","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164689"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mykhailo Ohorodnikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["SoftServe, Inc.,Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SoftServe, Inc.,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032510158","display_name":"Hanrui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-4015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanrui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012944782","display_name":"Yongshan Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2338-1315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongshan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"130","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-transform","display_name":"Hadamard transform","score":0.7595999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gate","display_name":"Quantum gate","score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.4081999957561493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60292330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014065","display_name":"Hadamard transform","level":2,"score":0.7595999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192122513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835770","display_name":"Quantum phase estimation algorithm","level":5,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11255438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269085","display_name":"Quantum process","level":4,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130979935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568954","display_name":"Ansatz","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182953411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917713","display_name":"Controlled NOT gate","level":5,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59500034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464944","display_name":"Quantum Fourier transform","level":5,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/qce65121.2025.00024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce65121.2025.00024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8800257619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2338063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W212428657","https://openalex.org/W1663839511","https://openalex.org/W1970354341","https://openalex.org/W2027003240","https://openalex.org/W2037118799","https://openalex.org/W2037905966","https://openalex.org/W2062738866","https://openalex.org/W2103956991","https://openalex.org/W2118518847","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2257937122","https://openalex.org/W2558921197","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2567065485","https://openalex.org/W2578080479","https://openalex.org/W2596222113","https://openalex.org/W2604445392","https://openalex.org/W2625656753","https://openalex.org/W2754797405","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W2760965790","https://openalex.org/W2790388700","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2810721533","https://openalex.org/W2811032035","https://openalex.org/W2841500134","https://openalex.org/W2888774813","https://openalex.org/W2903221501","https://openalex.org/W2907242142","https://openalex.org/W2945544467","https://openalex.org/W2954292307","https://openalex.org/W2954369586","https://openalex.org/W2963239445","https://openalex.org/W2964421692","https://openalex.org/W2968611999","https://openalex.org/W2969241977","https://openalex.org/W2969592673","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W2989573127","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W3011472404","https://openalex.org/W3027746348","https://openalex.org/W3034909587","https://openalex.org/W3049070297","https://openalex.org/W3086716958","https://openalex.org/W3110484395","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3132743969","https://openalex.org/W3142041921","https://openalex.org/W3150000293","https://openalex.org/W3201794453","https://openalex.org/W3214272564","https://openalex.org/W4214552167","https://openalex.org/W4220747861","https://openalex.org/W4380627387","https://openalex.org/W4414754227"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,42,83,90,102,117,147,159,203],"context":[2],"of":[3,45,92,104,162],"Noisy":[4],"Intermediate-Scale":[5],"Quantum":[6,47,136],"(NISQ)":[7],"computing,":[8],"parameterized":[9],"quantum":[10,18,28,131,195],"circuits":[11,73],"(PQCs)":[12],"are":[13,32],"a":[14,129,155,164,181],"promising":[15],"paradigm":[16],"for":[17,34,74,151,188],"sensing,":[19],"optimal":[20],"control,":[21],"optimization,":[22],"and":[23,37,67,95,198],"machine":[24],"learning":[25],"on":[26],"near-term":[27],"hardware.":[29],"Gradient-based":[30],"methods":[31,177],"crucial":[33],"analyzing":[35],"PQCs":[36],"offer":[38],"significant":[39],"advantages":[40],"in":[41,97,154,184,202],"convergence":[43],"rates":[44],"Variational":[46],"Algorithms":[48],"(VQAs)":[49],"compared":[50],"to":[51,108,180],"gradient-free":[52],"methods.":[53],"However,":[54],"existing":[55],"gradient":[56,99,141],"estimation":[57,142],"techniques-such":[58],"as":[59],"Finite":[60],"Difference,":[61],"Parameter":[62],"Shift":[63],"Rule,":[64],"Hadamard":[65,69,85,121],"Test,":[66,86,122],"Direct":[68],"Test-can":[70],"yield":[71,178],"suboptimal":[72],"certain":[75],"PQCs.":[76],"To":[77],"address":[78],"these":[79],"limitations,":[80],"we":[81,115,134,172],"introduce":[82],"Flexible":[84],"which":[87,123],"can":[88],"invert":[89],"roles":[91],"ansatz":[93],"generators":[94],"observables":[96],"first-order":[98],"estimation,":[100],"enabling":[101],"use":[103],"measurement":[105],"optimization":[106],"techniques":[107],"improve":[109],"circuit":[110,185],"efficiency.":[111],"For":[112],"higher-order":[113,125],"derivatives,":[114],"propose":[116],"<tex":[118],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[119],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$k$</tex>-fold":[120],"evaluates":[124],"partial":[126],"derivatives":[127],"using":[128,163],"single":[130,165],"circuit.":[132],"Additionally,":[133],"present":[135],"Automatic":[137],"Differentiation":[138],"(QAD)-a":[139],"unified":[140],"framework":[143],"that":[144,174],"adaptively":[145],"selects":[146],"most":[148],"efficient":[149],"method":[150,166],"each":[152],"parameter":[153],"PQC,":[156],"departing":[157],"from":[158],"standard":[160],"practice":[161],"uniformly.":[167],"Through":[168],"extensive":[169],"numerical":[170],"experiments,":[171],"demonstrate":[173],"our":[175],"proposed":[176],"up":[179],"linear-factor":[182],"reduction":[183],"execution":[186],"cost":[187],"real":[189],"VQA":[190],"applications.":[191],"These":[192],"advances":[193],"accelerate":[194],"algorithm":[196],"training":[197],"provide":[199],"practical":[200],"utility":[201],"NISQ":[204],"era.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}