{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416961973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268834","title":"On Feature Selection for Botnet Detection using Adaptive Exploration in Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"On Feature Selection for Botnet Detection using Adaptive Exploration in Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416961973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268834"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 22nd Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security, and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120582317","display_name":"Syed Tehjeebuzzaman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85564003","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Textiles","ror":"https://ror.org/031evmb56","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85564003"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Tehjeebuzzaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bangladesh Univ. of Engg. and Tech.,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bangladesh Univ. of Engg. and Tech.,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816","https://openalex.org/I85564003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120540839","display_name":"Mustafa Siam-Ur-Rafique","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85564003","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Textiles","ror":"https://ror.org/031evmb56","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85564003"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Siam-Ur-Rafique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bangladesh Univ. of Engg. and Tech.,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bangladesh Univ. of Engg. and Tech.,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816","https://openalex.org/I85564003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088657689","display_name":"Ashikur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-6065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85564003","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Textiles","ror":"https://ror.org/031evmb56","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85564003"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashikur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bangladesh Univ. of Engg. and Tech.,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bangladesh Univ. of Engg. and Tech.,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816","https://openalex.org/I85564003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009075818","display_name":"Abderrahmane Leshob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-3111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abderrahmane Leshob","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Quebec at Montreal,Dept. of Analytics, Operations &#x0026; Info. Tech,Montreal,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Quebec at Montreal,Dept. of Analytics, Operations &#x0026; Info. Tech,Montreal,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011273002","display_name":"Raqeebir Rab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135564639","display_name":"Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04wfbp123","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135564639"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raqeebir Rab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ahsanullah Univ. of Sci. &#x0026; Tech.,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ahsanullah Univ. of Sci. &#x0026; Tech.,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135564639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120582317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816","https://openalex.org/I85564003"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42351546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9362999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9362999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.9488000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7807000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6589000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.3456999957561493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.9488000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7807000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7296000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6589000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5328999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5116999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775973920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3252726","display_name":"Selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 22nd Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security, and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325821","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988741337","https://openalex.org/W2093331366","https://openalex.org/W2107834807","https://openalex.org/W2188584537","https://openalex.org/W2588562105","https://openalex.org/W2969623542","https://openalex.org/W2993263385","https://openalex.org/W3048529935","https://openalex.org/W3179147591","https://openalex.org/W4225766294","https://openalex.org/W4318570617","https://openalex.org/W4389236267","https://openalex.org/W4394794551"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Botnet":[0],"attacks":[1],"are":[2,15,69],"a":[3,45,49,51,83],"major":[4],"concern":[5],"in":[6,74,165],"the":[7,17,36,65,75,90,135,144,171],"cyber-security":[8],"field.":[9],"Cyber-attacks":[10],"involving":[11],"malware":[12],"and":[13,21,59,85,116,179],"bots":[14],"on":[16,64],"rise":[18],"infecting":[19],"more":[20,22],"computers":[23],"daily.":[24],"While":[25],"numerous":[26],"approaches":[27],"exist":[28],"for":[29,93,113],"detecting":[30],"malicious":[31,60],"traffic":[32,61,66],"generated":[33],"by":[34],"bots,":[35],"ever-growing":[37],"diversity":[38],"of":[39,88,138,146],"botnet":[40,95],"categories":[41],"continues":[42],"to":[43,72],"pose":[44],"significant":[46],"challenge.":[47],"As":[48],"result,":[50],"generalized":[52],"approach":[53,87],"is":[54],"necessary.":[55],"Differentiating":[56],"between":[57],"benign":[58],"largely":[62],"depends":[63],"features":[67,92],"that":[68,155],"being":[70],"used":[71],"feed":[73],"detection":[76],"process.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81,99,127,142],"propose":[82],"new":[84],"better":[86],"selecting":[89],"best":[91],"effective":[94],"detection.":[96],"At":[97],"first,":[98],"modify":[100],"an":[101],"existing":[102,122],"metaheuristics-based":[103],"algorithm,":[104],"namely,":[105],"binary":[106],"particle":[107],"swarm":[108],"optimization":[109],"(BPSO),":[110],"apply":[111],"it":[112,169],"feature":[114,123,149,162],"selection":[115,124,150,163],"then":[117],"compare":[118],"its":[119,177],"performance":[120,133],"with":[121,134],"algorithms.":[125],"Moreover,":[126],"compared":[128],"our":[129,147,156],"modified":[130,157],"BPSO":[131,158,173],"algorithm\u2019s":[132],"classical":[136,172],"version":[137],"it.":[139],"Through":[140],"experiments,":[141],"show":[143],"efficacy":[145],"proposed":[148],"algorithm.":[151],"The":[152],"results":[153],"demonstrate":[154],"algorithm":[159],"outperforms":[160],"state-of-the-art":[161],"algorithms":[164],"multiple":[166],"aspects.":[167],"Additionally,":[168],"surpasses":[170],"variant,":[174],"further":[175],"highlighting":[176],"effectiveness":[178],"improvements.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}
