{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416962075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268821","title":"Empirical Evaluation and Reclassification of Cryptographic Algorithms for Energy-Efficient Secure Communication in Medical IoT Devices","display_name":"Empirical Evaluation and Reclassification of Cryptographic Algorithms for Energy-Efficient Secure Communication in Medical IoT Devices","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416962075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268821"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268821","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 22nd Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security, and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110656867","display_name":"Sidra Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3520-7373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sidra Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial University of Newfoundland,Electrical and Computer Engineering,St. John&#x2019;s,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial University of Newfoundland,Electrical and Computer Engineering,St. John&#x2019;s,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069893243","display_name":"Jonathan Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7352-6463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial University of Newfoundland,Electrical and Computer Engineering,St. John&#x2019;s,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial University of Newfoundland,Electrical and Computer Engineering,St. John&#x2019;s,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110656867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21321588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.7699000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.7699000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.7361999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.5990999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-of-cryptographic-hash-functions","display_name":"Security of cryptographic hash functions","score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-hash-function","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.5041000247001648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7871999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.7361999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.5990999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165511393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252276","display_name":"Security of cryptographic hash functions","level":5,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.5267999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7608002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477202","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","level":3,"score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.5041000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4934999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9661340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257799","display_name":"Secure Hash Algorithm","level":5,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65302260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327675","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","level":4,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9996903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749235","display_name":"Cryptographic nonce","level":3,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38670000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128619300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15263584","display_name":"Authenticated encryption","level":3,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165922616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4241181","display_name":"Strong cryptography","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190157925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1968605","display_name":"SHA-2","level":4,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268821","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 22nd Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security, and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766842895","https://openalex.org/W2898138467","https://openalex.org/W2947733620","https://openalex.org/W2979646594","https://openalex.org/W2980369520","https://openalex.org/W3001364574","https://openalex.org/W4256660259","https://openalex.org/W4318245710","https://openalex.org/W4372268724","https://openalex.org/W4389777175"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"of":[1,32,69,117,147],"Medical":[2],"Things":[3],"(IoMT)":[4],"devices":[5],"demand":[6],"cryptographic":[7,34,118,164],"solutions":[8],"that":[9],"balance":[10],"robust":[11],"security":[12],"with":[13,135,174],"extreme":[14],"resource":[15,109],"efficiency,":[16,98],"given":[17],"strict":[18],"constraints":[19],"on":[20],"power,":[21],"memory,":[22],"and":[23,38,49,66,73,82,90,96,105,154,169],"processing.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26,112],"presents":[27],"a":[28,114,139],"detailed":[29],"empirical":[30,122],"evaluation":[31],"ten":[33],"algorithms\u2014including":[35],"symmetric":[36],"ciphers":[37],"hash":[39],"functions":[40],"\u2014across":[41],"two":[42],"representative":[43],"microcontroller":[44],"platforms:":[45],"TM4C123GXL":[46],"(ARM":[47],"Cortex-M4F)":[48],"PIC32MX440F256H":[50],"(MIPS32).":[51],"Algorithms":[52],"tested":[53],"include":[54],"AES-256-ECB,":[55],"Tiny-AES":[56,106],"(AES-128),":[57],"XTEA,":[58],"ChaCha20,":[59],"Poly1305,":[60],"NORX,":[61],"HMAC,":[62],"SHA-256,":[63],"AEAD":[64],"(AES-256-EAX),":[65],"Ascon-AEAD.Comprehensive":[67],"measurements":[68],"energy,":[70],"execution":[71],"time,":[72],"memory":[74],"footprint":[75],"reveal":[76],"substantial":[77],"discrepancies":[78],"between":[79],"prior":[80],"classifications":[81],"practical":[83],"performance.":[84],"Lightweight":[85],"algorithms":[86,119,149],"such":[87],"as":[88],"ChaCha20":[89],"Ascon-AEAD":[91],"consistently":[92],"achieved":[93],"superior":[94],"energy":[95],"speed":[97],"while":[99],"certain":[100],"\u201clightweight\u201d":[101],"candidates":[102],"like":[103],"Poly1305":[104],"demonstrated":[107],"higher":[108],"demands.":[110],"The":[111,157],"introduces":[113],"performance-based":[115],"reclassification":[116],"grounded":[120],"in":[121,138,150,167],"results.":[123],"It":[124],"also":[125],"evaluates":[126],"end-to-end":[127],"session":[128],"behavior":[129],"by":[130],"integrating":[131],"ECDH":[132],"key":[133],"exchange":[134],"ChaCha20-Poly1305":[136],"encryption":[137],"real-world":[140],"IoMT":[141,171],"setup.":[142],"Results":[143],"confirm":[144],"the":[145],"viability":[146],"these":[148],"real-time":[151],"telemetry":[152],"pipelines":[153],"battery-sensitive":[155],"wearables.":[156],"findings":[158],"offer":[159],"hardware-aware,":[160],"use-case-driven":[161],"guidelines":[162],"for":[163],"algorithm":[165],"selection":[166],"secure":[168],"sustainable":[170],"systems":[172],"aligned":[173],"emerging":[175],"NIST":[176],"standards.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}
