{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388893991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst58708.2023.10320188","title":"Protection against Ransomware in Industrial Control Systems through Decentralization using Blockchain","display_name":"Protection against Ransomware in Industrial Control Systems through Decentralization using Blockchain","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388893991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst58708.2023.10320188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst58708.2023.10320188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pst58708.2023.10320188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 20th Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069773958","display_name":"Alireza Parvizimosaed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1957-2960"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Parvizimosaed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infilock Inc.,Richmond Hill,Canada","Infilock Inc., Richmond Hill, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infilock Inc.,Richmond Hill,Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infilock Inc., Richmond Hill, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032369413","display_name":"Hamid Azad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1246-4956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Azad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa,School of EECS,Ottawa,Canada","School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa,School of EECS,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043523779","display_name":"Daniel Amyot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-1791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Amyot","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa,School of EECS,Ottawa,Canada","School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa,School of EECS,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052098157","display_name":"John Mylopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-3292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Mylopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa,School of EECS,Ottawa,Canada","School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa,School of EECS,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069773958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86131482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7506741285324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.6998565196990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.667121171951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.6319399476051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.6118860244750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5948128700256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.4840499758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.41143369674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3871491849422455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.28802022337913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.25485166907310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.113288015127182}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7506741285324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.6998565196990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.667121171951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.6319399476051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.6118860244750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5948128700256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4840499758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.41143369674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3871491849422455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28802022337913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.25485166907310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.113288015127182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst58708.2023.10320188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pst58708.2023.10320188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 20th Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2938164997","https://openalex.org/W2994994109","https://openalex.org/W3003433587","https://openalex.org/W3116720533","https://openalex.org/W3132682458","https://openalex.org/W3136745856","https://openalex.org/W3141183579","https://openalex.org/W4205788220","https://openalex.org/W4210326780","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W4352981509","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6790099431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3136745856","https://openalex.org/W2516092834","https://openalex.org/W2309980522","https://openalex.org/W2187618570","https://openalex.org/W4252573951","https://openalex.org/W2902958991","https://openalex.org/W1980447405","https://openalex.org/W2801513872","https://openalex.org/W4210326780","https://openalex.org/W2615554433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industrial":[0],"control":[1],"systems":[2,32],"(ICSs),":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"Supervisory":[6],"Control":[7],"and":[8,25,82,92,118,145,149,156],"Data":[9],"Acquisition":[10],"(SCADA)":[11],"systems,":[12],"are":[13],"increasingly":[14],"popular":[15],"for":[16],"manufacturing":[17],"applications,":[18],"leading":[19],"to":[20,33,46,78,107,143],"significant":[21],"improvements":[22],"in":[23,103,130],"efficiency":[24,54],"productivity.":[26],"However,":[27],"the":[28,47,125,138],"vulnerability":[29,42],"of":[30,50,76,96,127,133,137],"these":[31],"ransomware":[34,128,150],"attacks":[35,129],"has":[36],"become":[37],"a":[38,64,73,86,104],"major":[39],"concern.":[40],"This":[41],"is":[43],"mainly":[44],"due":[45],"centralized":[48],"nature":[49],"ICSs,":[51],"which":[52,89],"prioritize":[53],"over":[55],"security.":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58],"this":[59,61],"issue,":[60],"paper":[62],"proposes":[63],"decentralized":[65],"Blockchain-Based":[66],"ICS":[67],"(BBICS)":[68],"architecture.":[69],"Such":[70],"architecture":[71],"uses":[72],"peer-to-peer":[74],"network":[75],"nodes":[77,91],"replicate":[79],"critical":[80,101],"data":[81,102],"distribute":[83],"transactions":[84],"using":[85],"consensus":[87],"mechanism,":[88],"synchronizes":[90],"resolves":[93],"single":[94],"points":[95],"failure.":[97],"Additionally,":[98],"BBICS":[99],"encrypts":[100],"tamper-resistant":[105],"manner":[106],"prevent":[108],"attackers":[109],"from":[110],"decrypting":[111],"or":[112],"manipulating":[113],"data.":[114],"Moreover,":[115],"zero-trust":[116],"authorization":[117],"authentication":[119],"further":[120],"enhance":[121],"security":[122],"by":[123],"preventing":[124],"broadcasting":[126],"internal":[131],"networks":[132],"devices.":[134],"The":[135],"evaluation":[136],"proposed":[139],"system":[140],"with":[141],"respect":[142],"performance":[144],"reliability":[146],"under":[147],"normal":[148],"attack":[151],"situations":[152],"suggest":[153],"BBICS\u2019":[154],"feasibility":[155],"practicality.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
