{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293093574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst55820.2022.9851974","title":"Discovering Non-Metadata Contaminant Features in Intrusion Detection Datasets","display_name":"Discovering Non-Metadata Contaminant Features in Intrusion Detection Datasets","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293093574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst55820.2022.9851974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst55820.2022.9851974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst55820.2022.9851974","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 19th Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security & Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8769860/file/8769861.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062378693","display_name":"Laurens D\u2019hooge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-6361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurens D'Hooge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041516255","display_name":"Miel Verkerken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-900X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miel Verkerken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078209506","display_name":"Tim Wauters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-3311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Wauters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061693660","display_name":"Bruno Volckaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0575-5894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Volckaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051784384","display_name":"Filip De Turck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-1199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip De Turck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University,IDLab-Imec,Department of Information Technology,Gent,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, IDLab-Imec, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.713,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71950405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8009696006774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.64022296667099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5905527472496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5827764868736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.5817071199417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5584622025489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5499963760375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4425755739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3521430492401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06166720390319824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8009696006774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.64022296667099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5905527472496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5827764868736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.5817071199417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5584622025489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5499963760375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4425755739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3521430492401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06166720390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst55820.2022.9851974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst55820.2022.9851974","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 19th Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security & Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8769860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8769860","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8769860/file/8769861.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781665473989","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8769860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8769860","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8769860/file/8769861.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781665473989","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293093574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293093574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983833688","https://openalex.org/W2093788687","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2110153733","https://openalex.org/W2279785795","https://openalex.org/W2418247721","https://openalex.org/W2597472767","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2890991187","https://openalex.org/W2898951451","https://openalex.org/W2920086614","https://openalex.org/W2928016897","https://openalex.org/W2958285686","https://openalex.org/W2982682021","https://openalex.org/W3007182219","https://openalex.org/W3023061032","https://openalex.org/W3025485993","https://openalex.org/W3080798771","https://openalex.org/W3093410479","https://openalex.org/W3094686023","https://openalex.org/W3096425977","https://openalex.org/W3097365940","https://openalex.org/W3140993388","https://openalex.org/W3183743736","https://openalex.org/W3204100060","https://openalex.org/W3205985117","https://openalex.org/W3212028734","https://openalex.org/W4206534607","https://openalex.org/W4221004701","https://openalex.org/W4285145603","https://openalex.org/W4287637491","https://openalex.org/W4287990696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392768766","https://openalex.org/W2058118494","https://openalex.org/W2095118173","https://openalex.org/W2382021449","https://openalex.org/W2104269053","https://openalex.org/W2106424170","https://openalex.org/W2501188010","https://openalex.org/W4299935056","https://openalex.org/W2768810474","https://openalex.org/W4206575749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"newly":[1],"proposed":[2],"detection":[3,7,107],"methods":[4],"in":[5,51,142],"intrusion":[6,106],"incorporate":[8],"machine":[9],"learning":[10],"models":[11,20,124],"to":[12,39,43,76,98],"distinguish":[13],"between":[14],"benign":[15],"and":[16,29,59],"malicious":[17],"traffic.":[18],"The":[19,92],"are":[21,49],"validated":[22],"on":[23,32,86],"a":[24,61,74,82,115],"handful":[25],"of":[26,65,68,81,89,102,119,160],"academic":[27],"datasets":[28,53],"ranked":[30],"based":[31,85],"their":[33],"classification":[34,135,145],"performance.":[35],"This":[36,71],"article":[37],"aims":[38],"demonstrate":[40],"that":[41],"unbeknownst":[42],"the":[44,57,66,69,78,87,100,123,143],"new":[45],"models'":[46],"authors,":[47],"there":[48],"features":[50,84,101,113,138,154],"these":[52,157],"which":[54],"heavily":[55],"bias":[56],"results":[58],"obscure":[60],"realistic,":[62],"reliable":[63],"estimate":[64,77],"separability":[67],"datasets.":[70,108],"paper":[72],"proposes":[73],"methodology":[75,94],"contaminating":[79],"influence":[80],"dataset\u2019s":[83],"concept":[88],"blind":[90],"generalization.":[91],"novel":[93],"is":[95],"subsequently":[96],"used":[97],"assess":[99],"six":[103],"widely":[104],"adopted":[105],"In":[109],"each":[110,148],"dataset,":[111],"several":[112],"show":[114],"pattern":[116],"where":[117],"regardless":[118],"training":[120],"attack":[121,130],"class,":[122],"blindly":[125],"generalize":[126],"towards":[127],"all":[128],"available":[129],"classes":[131],"with":[132],"nearly":[133],"identical":[134],"metrics.":[136],"These":[137],"provide":[139],"undeserved":[140],"boosts":[141],"baseline":[144],"scores":[146],"for":[147],"dataset.":[149],"By":[150],"themselves,":[151],"some":[152],"contaminant":[153],"even":[155],"push":[156],"baselines":[158],"upwards":[159],"90%":[161],"accuracy":[162],"(balanced).":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}