{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200525399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst52912.2021.9647763","title":"Deterministic and Statistical Strategies to Protect ANNs against Fault Injection Attacks","display_name":"Deterministic and Statistical Strategies to Protect ANNs against Fault Injection Attacks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200525399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst52912.2021.9647763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst52912.2021.9647763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst52912.2021.9647763","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 18th International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088740833","display_name":"Troya \u00c7a\u011f\u0131l K\u00f6yl\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-3670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Troya Cagil Koylu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, the Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cezar Rodolfo Wedig Reinbrecht","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cezar Rodolfo Wedig Reinbrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, the Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005739146","display_name":"Said Hamdioui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-0387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Said Hamdioui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, the Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042250419","display_name":"Mottaqiallah Taouil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-4846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mottaqiallah Taouil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, the Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology Delft, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088740833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.42,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70990429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8026578426361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.7064111828804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.6970453262329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6579868793487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6186402440071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.6118243932723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6114064455032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.573866605758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.507434070110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-coverage","display_name":"Fault coverage","score":0.4913274347782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4400859475135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4315895736217499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3412683606147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10767209529876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.080960214138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07823529839515686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8026578426361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7064111828804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.6970453262329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6579868793487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6186402440071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.6118243932723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6114064455032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.573866605758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.507434070110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.4913274347782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4400859475135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4315895736217499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3412683606147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10767209529876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.080960214138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07823529839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst52912.2021.9647763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst52912.2021.9647763","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 18th International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:341ae459-f1a4-4346-aff9-45c7ed14c446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:341ae459-f1a4-4346-aff9-45c7ed14c446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133692365","https://openalex.org/W1595368737","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W1971185752","https://openalex.org/W1990795294","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2000624791","https://openalex.org/W2047431599","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098137815","https://openalex.org/W2111725598","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118717163","https://openalex.org/W2120185818","https://openalex.org/W2139318413","https://openalex.org/W2144784023","https://openalex.org/W2148581524","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2157116240","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2406349003","https://openalex.org/W2519070763","https://openalex.org/W2593182419","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2626719825","https://openalex.org/W2740520864","https://openalex.org/W2753775551","https://openalex.org/W2767260595","https://openalex.org/W2807835252","https://openalex.org/W2809188712","https://openalex.org/W2901848761","https://openalex.org/W2943759410","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W2963211739","https://openalex.org/W3026798052","https://openalex.org/W3036979375","https://openalex.org/W3090818262","https://openalex.org/W3090830192","https://openalex.org/W4229522565","https://openalex.org/W4242053016","https://openalex.org/W6640185926","https://openalex.org/W6704559304","https://openalex.org/W6713680328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130922779","https://openalex.org/W2082366402","https://openalex.org/W2120242933","https://openalex.org/W1657300322","https://openalex.org/W2055295790","https://openalex.org/W2083209667","https://openalex.org/W2185394135","https://openalex.org/W3155997325","https://openalex.org/W2742111403","https://openalex.org/W2743480384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attificial":[0],"neural":[1,87],"networks":[2,88],"are":[3,106],"currently":[4],"used":[5],"for":[6,47,102],"many":[7],"tasks,":[8],"including":[9],"safety":[10],"critical":[11],"ones":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"automated":[15],"driving.":[16],"Hence,":[17],"it":[18],"is":[19],"very":[20],"important":[21],"to":[22,71,108],"protect":[23],"them":[24,70],"against":[25,115],"faults":[26],"and":[27,51,91,123,134],"fault":[28,36,73],"attacks.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"work,":[32],"we":[33,60,68,83,105],"propose":[34],"two":[35],"injection":[37],"attack":[38],"detection":[39,74],"mechanisms:":[40],"one":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43,54],"using":[44],"output":[45],"labels":[46],"a":[48,110],"reference":[49],"input,":[50],"the":[52,55,78,121],"other":[53],"activations":[56],"of":[57,80,113,126],"neurons.":[58],"First,":[59],"calibrate":[61],"our":[62,81,127],"detectors":[63,104],"during":[64],"normal":[65],"conditions.":[66],"Thereafter,":[67],"verify":[69],"maximize":[72],"performance.":[75],"To":[76],"prove":[77],"effectiveness":[79],"solution,":[82],"consider":[84],"highly":[85],"employed":[86],"(AlexNet,":[89],"GoogleNet,":[90],"VGG)":[92],"with":[93],"their":[94],"associated":[95],"dataset":[96],"ImageNet.":[97],"Our":[98],"results":[99],"show":[100],"that":[101],"both":[103],"able":[107],"obtain":[109],"high":[111],"rate":[112],"coverage":[114],"faults,":[116],"typically":[117],"above":[118],"96%.":[119],"Moreover,":[120],"hardware":[122],"software":[124],"implementations":[125],"detector":[128],"indicate":[129],"an":[130],"extremely":[131],"low":[132],"area":[133],"time":[135],"overhead.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T09:07:50.710637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}