{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2608967538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst.2016.7906992","title":"Behavior-based tracking of Internet users with semi-supervised learning","display_name":"Behavior-based tracking of Internet users with semi-supervised learning","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2608967538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst.2016.7906992","mag":"2608967538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst.2016.7906992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst.2016.7906992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 14th Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038751937","display_name":"Dominik Herrmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-3054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206895457","display_name":"University of Siegen","ror":"https://ror.org/02azyry73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Herrmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Siegen, Siegen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, DE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Siegen, Siegen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, DE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068823525","display_name":"Matthias Kirchler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-2740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Kirchler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083450522","display_name":"Jens Lindemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-2461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Lindemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091841504","display_name":"Marius Kloft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-3725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marius Kloft","raw_affiliation_strings":["Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3249,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88352583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"596","last_page":"599"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.789657711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7390249371528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7321366667747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6998068690299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4762544631958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.459290474653244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.43473735451698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.41590559482574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22390326857566833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.789657711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7390249371528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7321366667747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6998068690299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4762544631958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.459290474653244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.43473735451698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.41590559482574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22390326857566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pst.2016.7906992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pst.2016.7906992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 14th Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142318018","https://openalex.org/W204991346","https://openalex.org/W1479807131","https://openalex.org/W1519858164","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1585138553","https://openalex.org/W1790954942","https://openalex.org/W1881858245","https://openalex.org/W1990867522","https://openalex.org/W2105463715","https://openalex.org/W2108362714","https://openalex.org/W2118443685","https://openalex.org/W2134063365","https://openalex.org/W2296738880","https://openalex.org/W2341516340","https://openalex.org/W2404780884","https://openalex.org/W2532732179","https://openalex.org/W3105320239","https://openalex.org/W3162333642","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4293875176","https://openalex.org/W6634906508","https://openalex.org/W6675743382","https://openalex.org/W6679728604","https://openalex.org/W6713560629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W2065457896","https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W3173234801","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2167984027","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W3021302227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Behavior-based":[0],"tracking":[1,104],"is":[2],"an":[3],"unobtrusive":[4],"technique":[5,29],"that":[6,57,92],"allows":[7,35],"observers":[8,36,73,93],"on":[9,53,117],"the":[10,41,59,66,76,83,100,118],"Internet":[11],"to":[12,37,80,98,113],"monitor":[13],"user":[14],"activities":[15],"over":[16],"long":[17],"periods":[18],"of":[19,24,62,68,78,82,102],"time":[20],"-":[21],"in":[22],"spite":[23],"changing":[25],"IP":[26],"addresses.":[27],"Our":[28,89],"uses":[30],"semi-supervised":[31],"machine":[32],"learning,":[33],"which":[34],"track":[38],"users":[39,84,112],"without":[40],"need":[42],"for":[43,111],"multiple":[44],"labeled":[45],"training":[46],"sessions.":[47],"We":[48],"present":[49],"evaluation":[50],"results":[51,90],"obtained":[52],"a":[54],"realistic":[55],"dataset":[56],"contains":[58],"DNS":[60],"traffic":[61,67],"3,800":[63],"users.":[64],"Given":[65],"one":[69],"week,":[70],"our":[71],"simulated":[72],"can":[74,94],"link":[75],"sessions":[77,97],"up":[79],"87%":[81],"with":[85],"surprisingly":[86],"little":[87],"effort.":[88],"indicate":[91],"leverage":[95],"unlabeled":[96],"increase":[99],"robustness":[101],"existing":[103],"techniques.":[105],"This":[106],"makes":[107],"it":[108],"more":[109],"difficult":[110],"protect":[114],"their":[115],"privacy":[116],"Internet.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}