{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049146515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pscc.2014.7038427","title":"Effective flywheel energy storage (FES) offer strategies for frequency regulation service provision","display_name":"Effective flywheel energy storage (FES) offer strategies for frequency regulation service provision","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049146515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pscc.2014.7038427","mag":"2049146515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pscc.2014.7038427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pscc.2014.7038427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 Power Systems Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603511","display_name":"Fang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1526-2199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073544862","display_name":"Mirat Tokombayev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirat Tokombayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064691727","display_name":"Yonghua Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1495-4644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghua Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112353096","display_name":"George Gross","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801 IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98598564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flywheel-energy-storage","display_name":"Flywheel energy storage","score":0.6728464365005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-regulation","display_name":"Frequency regulation","score":0.6681957244873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.643913984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5450726747512817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5443931818008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4970856010913849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.43314746022224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3786464333534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.3558870553970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.33823490142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2570193409919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.25480061769485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1927047073841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1379946768283844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779171476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1538992","display_name":"Flywheel energy storage","level":4,"score":0.6728464365005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.6681957244873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.643913984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5450726747512817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5443931818008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4970856010913849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.43314746022224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3786464333534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3558870553970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33823490142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2570193409919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.25480061769485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1927047073841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1379946768283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pscc.2014.7038427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pscc.2014.7038427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 Power Systems Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973467987","https://openalex.org/W2071781342","https://openalex.org/W2133094120","https://openalex.org/W2146689117","https://openalex.org/W2149519601","https://openalex.org/W2153520025","https://openalex.org/W2185333485","https://openalex.org/W2586753732","https://openalex.org/W6682008042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137276318","https://openalex.org/W4376472322","https://openalex.org/W2377074486","https://openalex.org/W4310868833","https://openalex.org/W3200660593","https://openalex.org/W2912844316","https://openalex.org/W4389988548","https://openalex.org/W2132766181","https://openalex.org/W3200845062","https://openalex.org/W2359815352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63,142,175],"recent,":[1],"deepening":[2],"penetration":[3],"of":[4,40,72,96,151,162,171,214,219,240,256,265,326,336],"variable":[5],"energy":[6,74],"resources":[7],"(VERs)":[8],"subjects":[9],"power":[10],"systems":[11,59],"to":[12,28,37,179,252],"the":[13,23,38,41,48,82,93,97,120,136,149,159,169,181,186,189,195,209,215,229,235,241,257,263,266,284,307,312,327,334,337,357,362],"highly":[14],"variable,":[15],"rapidly":[16],"changing":[17],"and":[18,67,101,124,168,188,202],"uncertain":[19,160],"generation":[20,164],"outputs":[21],"that":[22,246,272,283,305,310,346],"operators":[24],"must":[25],"manage":[26],"effectively":[27],"provide":[29],"reliable":[30],"service.":[31],"Such":[32,90,297],"variability":[33,43],"poses":[34],"additional":[35,204],"challenges":[36],"management":[39,95],"continual":[42],"in":[44,81,208,224,227,234,290,373],"system":[45],"loads.":[46],"Consequently,":[47],"frequency":[49,86,110,205,374],"regulation":[50,87,111,206,328,375],"service":[51,88,112,137,183,207,292,298,329,376],"requirements":[52],"are":[53,146,250],"substantially":[54],"increased":[55],"over":[56,304],"those":[57,225],"for":[58,85,115,364],"without":[60,294],"these":[61],"VERs.":[62],"attractive":[64],"rapid":[65],"response":[66],"fast":[68],"ramping":[69],"capability":[70,367],"characteristics":[71],"flywheel":[73],"storage":[75,102,366],"(FES)":[76],"technology":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79,253],"exploited":[80],"FES":[83,99,117,143,172,182,196,220,230,286,314,371],"deployment":[84,91,150],"provision.":[89],"requires":[92],"effective":[94],"limited":[98,365],"capacity":[100,315],"capability.":[103],"In":[104],"this":[105,193],"paper,":[106],"we":[107,355],"construct":[108],"optimized":[109],"offer":[113,144,243,287],"strategies":[114,145,244,268,288],"an":[116],"unit":[118],"into":[119,185,199,316],"day-ahead":[121],"markets":[122,128],"(DAMs)":[123],"their":[125],"associated":[126],"real-time":[127],"(RTMs).":[129],"An":[130],"independent":[131],"grid":[132],"operator":[133],"(IGO)":[134],"procures":[135],"competitively":[138],"through":[139],"such":[140,369],"offers.":[141],"obtained":[147],"from":[148,361],"a":[152,301],"robust":[153],"optimization":[154,176],"approach,":[155],"which":[156,228],"explicitly":[157],"considers":[158],"nature":[161],"automatic":[163],"control":[165],"(AGC)":[166],"signals":[167],"amount":[170],"stored":[173,221],"energy.":[174],"objective":[177],"is":[178,245],"maximize":[180],"provision":[184,293,299,377],"DAMs":[187,201],"RTMs.":[190],"To":[191],"meet":[192],"objective,":[194],"offers":[197,311],"only":[198,323],"particular":[200],"provides":[203],"RTMs":[210],"by":[211],"taking":[212],"advantage":[213],"most":[216],"recent":[217],"information":[218],"energy,":[222],"even":[223],"hours":[226],"does":[231],"not":[232],"participate":[233],"DAMs.":[236],"A":[237],"salient":[238],"characteristic":[239],"proposed":[242,267,285],"all":[247],"offered":[248],"services":[249],"guaranteed":[251,291],"provided,":[254],"regardless":[255],"actual":[258],"AGC":[259,277],"signals.":[260],"We":[261,331],"illustrate":[262],"effectiveness":[264],"with":[269],"simulation":[270,379],"studies":[271],"use":[273],"PJM":[274],"Interconnection":[275],"historical":[276],"signal":[278],"data.":[279],"Representative":[280],"results":[281],"indicate":[282],"result":[289],"any":[295],"exceptions.":[296],"represents":[300],"major":[302],"improvement":[303],"under":[306],"conventional":[308],"strategy":[309],"full":[313],"each":[317],"DAM":[318,348],"but":[319],"satisfies,":[320],"on":[321],"average,":[322],"47.7":[324],"%":[325],"requests.":[330],"also":[332],"study":[333],"impacts":[335],"Federal":[338],"Energy":[339],"Regulatory":[340],"Commission":[341],"(FERC)":[342],"Order":[343],"No.":[344],"764":[345],"allows":[347],"periods":[349],"shorter":[350],"than":[351],"one":[352],"hour.":[353],"Specifically,":[354],"quantify":[356],"significant":[358],"benefits":[359],"emanating":[360],"flexibility":[363],"devices":[368],"as":[370],"units":[372],"via":[378],"studies.":[380]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}