{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048212577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13634","title":"Important issues in knowledge representation","display_name":"Important issues in knowledge representation","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048212577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13634","mag":"2048212577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/proc.1986.13634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115593293","display_name":"William A. Woods","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W.A. Woods","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","Applied Expert Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Expert Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115593293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94059626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"10","first_page":"1322","last_page":"1334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6884612441062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.6368162035942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.6297081112861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5794998407363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5707530975341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.5023553371429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.4835798144340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4697433114051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation-formalisms-in-three-dimensions","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","score":0.42442992329597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.40914517641067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3569311499595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.34796997904777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33813047409057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3312477767467499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.25678884983062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12113833427429199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6884612441062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.6368162035942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.6297081112861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5794998407363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5707530975341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5023553371429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.4835798144340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4697433114051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171018156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370306","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","level":2,"score":0.42442992329597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.40914517641067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3569311499595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.34796997904777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33813047409057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3312477767467499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.25678884983062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12113833427429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/proc.1986.13634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486247954","https://openalex.org/W1989388297","https://openalex.org/W2100448187","https://openalex.org/W2159525276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043261264","https://openalex.org/W183298205","https://openalex.org/W2294842961","https://openalex.org/W2485617017","https://openalex.org/W1943401937","https://openalex.org/W1736833414","https://openalex.org/W1547248969","https://openalex.org/W2017022033","https://openalex.org/W1663359664","https://openalex.org/W1563177182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,110],"discusses":[2,112],"a":[3,39,89,150],"number":[4],"of":[5,27,46,60,69,80,88,115,153],"important":[6,65],"issues":[7],"that":[8,38,57,120,134,145],"drive":[9],"knowledge":[10,20,28,40,90],"representation":[11,41,91],"research.":[12],"It":[13,132],"begins":[14],"by":[15,29,74],"considering":[16],"the":[17,22,25,58,81,113,158],"relationship":[18],"between":[19],"and":[21,24,34,36,49,97,106,118,129,144,173,180],"world":[23],"use":[26],"reasoning":[30],"agents":[31],"(both":[32],"biological":[33],"mechanical)":[35],"concludes":[37],"system":[42,92],"must":[43],"support":[44],"activities":[45],"perception,":[47],"learning,":[48],"planning":[50],"to":[51,66,77],"act.":[52],"An":[53],"argument":[54],"is":[55],"made":[56],"mechanisms":[59],"traditional":[61],"formal":[62],"logic,":[63],"while":[64],"our":[67],"understanding":[68],"mechanical":[70],"reasoning,":[71],"are":[72,93,103],"not":[73],"themselves":[75],"sufficient":[76],"solve":[78],"all":[79],"associated":[82],"problems.":[83],"In":[84],"particular,":[85],"notational":[86,107,130],"aspects":[87,102],"important--both":[94],"for":[95,170,178],"computational":[96],"conceptual":[98,116,162],"reasons.":[99],"Two":[100],"such":[101,135],"distinguished--expressive":[104],"adequacy":[105,128],"efficacy.":[108,131],"The":[109],"also":[111],"structure":[114],"representations":[117],"argues":[119],"taxonomic":[121],"classification":[122],"structures":[123],"can":[124,148,167],"advance":[125],"both":[126],"expressive":[127],"predicts":[133],"techniques":[136],"will":[137],"eventually":[138],"be":[139],"applicable":[140],"throughout":[141],"computer":[142],"science":[143],"their":[146],"application":[147],"produce":[149],"new":[151],"style":[152],"programming--more":[154],"oriented":[155],"toward":[156],"specifying":[157],"desired":[159],"behavior":[160],"in":[161],"terms.":[163],"Such":[164],"\"taxonomic":[165],"programming\"":[166],"have":[168],"advantages":[169],"flexibility,":[171],"extensibility,":[172],"maintainability,":[174],"as":[175,177],"well":[176],"documentation":[179],"user":[181],"education.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}