{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415378181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203630","title":"High-Frequency Oscillator with Spread Spectrum and Automatic Amplitude Control Loop","display_name":"High-Frequency Oscillator with Spread Spectrum and Automatic Amplitude Control Loop","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415378181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203630"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203630","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 20th International Conference on PhD Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120076819","display_name":"Davide Gorla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Gorla","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Industrial and Information Engineering Department,Pavia,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Industrial and Information Engineering Department,Pavia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120076820","display_name":"Cristian Cerutti","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Cerutti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Italia,Pavia,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Italia,Pavia,Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012770413","display_name":"P. Malcovati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6514-9672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piero Malcovati","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Industrial and Information Engineering Department,Pavia,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Industrial and Information Engineering Department,Pavia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038780136","display_name":"A. Bas\u00e7hirotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-5754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Baschirotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milano-Bicocca,Physics Department,Milan,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milano-Bicocca,Physics Department,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120076819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30881057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.7937999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.7937999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.7728000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.7703999876976013,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.6223999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-generator","display_name":"Signal generator","score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-gain-control","display_name":"Automatic gain control","score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-locked-loop","display_name":"Delay-locked loop","score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-deviation","display_name":"Frequency deviation","score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-margin","display_name":"Phase margin","score":0.384799987077713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6223999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259123","display_name":"Signal generator","level":3,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177502760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782524","display_name":"Automatic gain control","level":4,"score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190462668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492265","display_name":"Delay-locked loop","level":4,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123919525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761942","display_name":"Frequency deviation","level":3,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81455027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180955","display_name":"Phase margin","level":5,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199943209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271153","display_name":"Loop gain","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474513","display_name":"Electromagnetic interference","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120415902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462383","display_name":"Zero crossing","level":3,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194491627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334354","display_name":"Direct-sequence spread spectrum","level":4,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140642157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623338","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203597036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238887","display_name":"Local oscillator","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206565188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836482","display_name":"Sample and hold","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203630","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 20th International Conference on PhD Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490044358","https://openalex.org/W1532732135","https://openalex.org/W1976287358","https://openalex.org/W2008818867","https://openalex.org/W2018387521","https://openalex.org/W2067729398","https://openalex.org/W2935925993","https://openalex.org/W2982024917","https://openalex.org/W4393372059","https://openalex.org/W4401537795"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,32,35,42,80,91,121,128,135,142,150,154,162,174],"design":[4],"of":[5,34,138,149],"a":[6,18,59,63,75,106,171],"750":[7],"MHz":[8,77],"oscillator":[9],"in":[10,50,90,95,99,105,109,112],"$0.4":[11],"\\mu":[12],"\\mathrm{~m}$":[13],"CMOS":[14],"technology,":[15],"equipped":[16],"with":[17,170],"spread":[19,54,78,143],"spectrum":[20,55,144],"circuit":[21],"for":[22,31],"EMI":[23],"reduction":[24,107],"and":[25,62,111,134,159],"an":[26],"automatic":[27,84],"gain":[28,85],"control":[29,86],"loop":[30,87],"stabilization":[33],"output":[36,92],"signal\u2019s":[37],"amplitude,":[38],"which,":[39],"according":[40],"to":[41,73,97,147,166],"specification,":[43],"must":[44],"not":[45],"drop":[46],"below":[47],"0.9":[48],"V":[49],"any":[51],"case.":[52],"The":[53,83],"circuit,":[56],"based":[57],"on":[58,173],"capacitive":[60],"tank":[61],"pseudorandom":[64],"bits":[65],"generator":[66],"clocked":[67],"at":[68,118],"15":[69],"MHz,":[70],"is":[71,125,131,145,164],"sized":[72],"produce":[74],"30":[76],"over":[79,157],"central":[81,119,151],"frequency.":[82],"reduces":[88],"variations":[89,98],"signal":[93,100,123],"amplitude":[94,124,139,163],"response":[96],"frequency,":[101],"which":[102],"also":[103],"results":[104],"both":[108],"emissions":[110],"current":[113,129],"consumption.":[114],"In":[115,153],"nominal":[116],"conditions":[117],"frequency":[120,160],"differential":[122],"1.40":[126],"V,":[127,168],"consumption":[130],"2.31":[132],"mA":[133],"maximum":[136],"variation":[137],"caused":[140],"by":[141],"limited":[146],"2.9%":[148],"value.":[152],"worst-case":[155],"scenario":[156],"PVT":[158],"variations,":[161],"reduced":[165],"1.01":[167],"still":[169],"margin":[172],"specification.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-21T00:00:00"}
