{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415378045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203511","title":"Self-Calibration and Normalization of a 2D-Vernier TDC inside a Fractional-N ADPLL","display_name":"Self-Calibration and Normalization of a 2D-Vernier TDC inside a Fractional-N ADPLL","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415378045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203511"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 20th International Conference on PhD Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037074132","display_name":"Tim Lauber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6821-3368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tim Lauber","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstr. 16,Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems,Aachen,Germany,D-52074"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstr. 16,Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems,Aachen,Germany,D-52074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064389745","display_name":"Johannes K\u00fchn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Kuhn","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstr. 16,Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems,Aachen,Germany,D-52074"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstr. 16,Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems,Aachen,Germany,D-52074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033528054","display_name":"Ralf Wunderlich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-6293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Wunderlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstr. 16,Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems,Aachen,Germany,D-52074"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstr. 16,Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems,Aachen,Germany,D-52074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039003474","display_name":"Stefan Heinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7568-8116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Heinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstr. 16,Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems,Aachen,Germany,D-52074"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstr. 16,Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems,Aachen,Germany,D-52074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037074132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39091213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.44209998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.31520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5120999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.44209998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime66228.2025.11203511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 20th International Conference on PhD Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544882865","https://openalex.org/W2062952706","https://openalex.org/W2120912680","https://openalex.org/W2498847662","https://openalex.org/W4389776295","https://openalex.org/W4400230644"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,12,59],"calibration":[4,48],"scheme":[5,45],"to":[6,28],"control":[7],"the":[8,18,30,34,38,41,47],"delay":[9],"lines":[10],"of":[11,20,37,40,46],"two-dimensional":[13],"Time-to-Digital":[14],"Converter":[15],"(TDC)":[16],"in":[17,58],"context":[19],"All-Digital":[21],"Phase-Locked-Loops":[22],"(ADPLLs).":[23],"Special":[24],"care":[25],"is":[26],"taken":[27],"make":[29],"TDC":[31],"resolution":[32],"track":[33],"instantaneous":[35],"frequency":[36],"oscillator":[39],"ADPLL.":[42],"The":[43],"general":[44],"as":[49,51],"well":[50],"measurements":[52],"are":[53],"shown":[54],"for":[55],"samples":[56],"fabricated":[57],"28":[60],"nm":[61],"technology.":[62]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-21T00:00:00"}