{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382536924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime58259.2023.10161919","title":"RF Solder Ball Break Detection in Automotive FMCW Radars Using Isolated Targets\u2019 Phase","display_name":"RF Solder Ball Break Detection in Automotive FMCW Radars Using Isolated Targets\u2019 Phase","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382536924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime58259.2023.10161919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/prime58259.2023.10161919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime58259.2023.10161919","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 18th Conference on Ph.D Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002921868","display_name":"Esmaeil Kavousi Ghafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-7306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esmaeil Kavousi Ghafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University,Linz,Austria","Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University,Linz,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031935371","display_name":"Oliver Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-0692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University,Linz,Austria","Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University,Linz,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072781330","display_name":"Matthias Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1031-2983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University,Linz,Austria","Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University,Linz,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101999697","display_name":"Alexander Melzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0656-6051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Melzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Linz GmbH &#x0026; Co. KG,Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Linz GmbH &#x0026; Co. KG,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049116697","display_name":"Mario Huemer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3164-7232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Huemer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University,Linz,Austria","Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University,Linz,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Signal Processing, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002921868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59059302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6688255071640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ball","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","score":0.48884934186935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soldering","display_name":"Soldering","score":0.46914830803871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.43939658999443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.40139448642730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33169642090797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3266587555408478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2414829134941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.16494211554527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14715424180030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.1062561571598053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6688255071640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122041747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838611","display_name":"Ball (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48884934186935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50296614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211387","display_name":"Soldering","level":2,"score":0.46914830803871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.43939658999443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40139448642730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33169642090797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3266587555408478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2414829134941101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.16494211554527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14715424180030823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.1062561571598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/prime58259.2023.10161919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime58259.2023.10161919","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 18th Conference on Ph.D Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971289746","https://openalex.org/W2103105518","https://openalex.org/W2592680288","https://openalex.org/W2801015021","https://openalex.org/W2903136240","https://openalex.org/W2972718341","https://openalex.org/W2989971011","https://openalex.org/W3043516531","https://openalex.org/W3129258287","https://openalex.org/W4211254986","https://openalex.org/W4231137159","https://openalex.org/W4313001559","https://openalex.org/W6630662257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367566533","https://openalex.org/W2187937315","https://openalex.org/W1983256527","https://openalex.org/W2297830036","https://openalex.org/W2113862045","https://openalex.org/W2384038313","https://openalex.org/W2378851622","https://openalex.org/W2349280512","https://openalex.org/W2358895457","https://openalex.org/W1608412088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Embedded":[0],"wafer":[1],"level":[2],"ball":[3,39],"grid":[4],"array":[5],"(eWLB)":[6],"packaging":[7],"is":[8,34,65,98,118],"a":[9,54],"common":[10],"technology":[11],"for":[12,56,120,133],"radar":[13,23,49,82,135],"transceiver":[14],"monolithic":[15],"microwave":[16],"integrated":[17],"circuits":[18],"(MMICs)":[19],"in":[20,87],"the":[21,27,31,35,48,70,74,77,81,90,93,99,104,121,125,128],"automotive":[22],"industry.":[24],"One":[25],"of":[26,80,92,127],"challenging":[28],"issues":[29],"with":[30],"eWLB":[32],"packages":[33],"radio":[36],"frequency":[37],"solder":[38],"breaks":[40],"(BBs),":[41],"due":[42],"to":[43,84],"its":[44],"adverse":[45],"effects":[46],"on":[47,61],"performance.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,96],"paper,":[53],"method":[55,68],"BB":[57],"detection":[58],"(BBD)":[59],"based":[60],"digital":[62,109],"signal":[63,110],"processing":[64],"proposed.":[66],"This":[67],"exploits":[69],"collected":[71],"data":[72,136],"from":[73],"environment":[75],"during":[76],"sensing":[78],"task":[79],"receiver":[83],"detect":[85],"BBs":[86],"real-time.":[88],"To":[89,123],"best":[91],"authors\u2019":[94],"knowledge,":[95],"work":[97],"first":[100],"one":[101],"that":[102,113],"addresses":[103],"BBD":[105],"problem":[106],"solely":[107],"by":[108],"processing,":[111],"meaning":[112],"no":[114],"additional":[115],"analog":[116],"hardware":[117],"required":[119],"detection.":[122],"validate":[124],"performance":[126],"proposed":[129],"method,":[130],"simulation":[131],"results":[132],"measured":[134],"are":[137],"provided.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
