{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886935445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime.2018.8430339","title":"Lock-In Based Differential Front-End For Raman Spectroscopy Applications","display_name":"Lock-In Based Differential Front-End For Raman Spectroscopy Applications","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886935445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime.2018.8430339","mag":"2886935445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/prime.2018.8430339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime.2018.8430339","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th Conference on Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1088189","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087165832","display_name":"Andrea Ragni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4227-570X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ragni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056634949","display_name":"Giuseppe Sciortino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Sciortino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016118049","display_name":"Marco Sampietro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-9612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sampietro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003106491","display_name":"Giorgio Ferrari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2854-8444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Ferrari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028459666","display_name":"Francesco Crisafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6577-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Crisafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763344","display_name":"Vikas Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-0824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039440957","display_name":"Dario Polli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-5708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Polli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81767229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"322","issue":null,"first_page":"221","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","score":0.752916693687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6170415282249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock-in-amplifier","display_name":"Lock-in amplifier","score":0.6169590353965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.6123979687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.6024389863014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5661370754241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot-noise","display_name":"Shot noise","score":0.5187163949012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5057711601257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4887552261352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.47690343856811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4720773696899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-amplifier","display_name":"Optical amplifier","score":0.46470585465431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-and-back-ends","display_name":"Front and back ends","score":0.45336252450942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.44863951206207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3161638677120209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1951587200164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.1778700053691864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1049836277961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.06921347975730896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.752916693687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6170415282249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780259410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752933","display_name":"Lock-in amplifier","level":4,"score":0.6169590353965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6123979687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6024389863014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5661370754241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72659945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503574","display_name":"Shot noise","level":3,"score":0.5187163949012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5057711601257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4887552261352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47690343856811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4720773696899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101649071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305","display_name":"Optical amplifier","level":3,"score":0.46470585465431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.45336252450942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.44863951206207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3161638677120209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1951587200164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.1778700053691864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1049836277961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.06921347975730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/prime.2018.8430339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/prime.2018.8430339","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th Conference on Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1088189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1088189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1088189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1088189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990543165","https://openalex.org/W1991078110","https://openalex.org/W2034456268","https://openalex.org/W2058272832","https://openalex.org/W2103025101","https://openalex.org/W2115318086","https://openalex.org/W2140682665","https://openalex.org/W2260516633","https://openalex.org/W2312371729","https://openalex.org/W2334529924","https://openalex.org/W2752288814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540538849","https://openalex.org/W2027390341","https://openalex.org/W2585333696","https://openalex.org/W2129410219","https://openalex.org/W2347877619","https://openalex.org/W2301156200","https://openalex.org/W2016550948","https://openalex.org/W2004063471","https://openalex.org/W2393218950","https://openalex.org/W1975153269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"intrinsic":[1],"sensitivity":[2,69],"limit":[3],"of":[4,15,29,37],"Stimulated":[5],"Raman":[6,52],"Spectroscopy":[7],"(SRS)":[8],"is":[9,21],"given":[10,61],"by":[11,62],"the":[12,16,26,30,34,38,58,63,76],"shot":[13],"noise":[14,28],"optical":[17],"stimulation.":[18],"However,":[19],"it":[20],"seldom":[22],"reached":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,56,66,75],"electronic":[27],"front-end":[31],"amplifier":[32],"and":[33,44,65],"intensity":[35],"fluctuations":[36,60],"laser":[39,64],"source.":[40],"Here,":[41],"we":[42],"present":[43],"test":[45],"a":[46,68],"low-noise":[47],"pseudo-":[48],"differential":[49],"amplifier,":[50],"for":[51],"spectroscopy":[53],"applications,":[54],"able":[55],"compensate":[57],"common-mode":[59],"reach":[67],"better":[70],"than":[71],"10":[72],"ppm":[73],"thanks":[74],"lock-in":[77],"technique.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
