{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114357424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/policy.2002.1011296","title":"Policies in accountable contracts","display_name":"Policies in accountable contracts","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114357424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/policy.2002.1011296","mag":"2114357424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/policy.2002.1011296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/policy.2002.1011296","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Third International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089869833","display_name":"Brian Shand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Shand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112323455","display_name":"Jean Bacon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0987-9982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Bacon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Comput. Lab., Cambridge Univ., UK]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7656,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85291876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2218","issue":null,"first_page":"80","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6478652358055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegation","display_name":"Delegation","score":0.6262139081954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.5783288478851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.5511087775230408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.5270545482635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.4881907105445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4535539746284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3801192343235016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.3389473557472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.2144225537776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1202734112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1032143235206604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6478652358055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86532276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184065","display_name":"Delegation","level":2,"score":0.6262139081954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.5783288478851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5511087775230408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5270545482635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4881907105445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4535539746284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3801192343235016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3389473557472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2144225537776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1202734112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1032143235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/policy.2002.1011296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/policy.2002.1011296","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Third International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.18.6451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.18.6451","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/opera/publications/Papers/S3_shand_b_distrib.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138827268","https://openalex.org/W1492040236","https://openalex.org/W1500460345","https://openalex.org/W1518001679","https://openalex.org/W1537353332","https://openalex.org/W1870540744","https://openalex.org/W1969344535","https://openalex.org/W1976969221","https://openalex.org/W1979220319","https://openalex.org/W2000721955","https://openalex.org/W2098685442","https://openalex.org/W2104276806","https://openalex.org/W2110689325","https://openalex.org/W2124900688","https://openalex.org/W2142735084","https://openalex.org/W2146980819","https://openalex.org/W2149772545","https://openalex.org/W2158701542","https://openalex.org/W2159890891","https://openalex.org/W2167890188","https://openalex.org/W2170496240","https://openalex.org/W2219912196","https://openalex.org/W2232609331","https://openalex.org/W2751601659","https://openalex.org/W2997134027","https://openalex.org/W3152703111","https://openalex.org/W4239388406","https://openalex.org/W4248223175","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6605587612","https://openalex.org/W6681498802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494121465","https://openalex.org/W4377233172","https://openalex.org/W1854749775","https://openalex.org/W4312971597","https://openalex.org/W2129556718","https://openalex.org/W1970818898","https://openalex.org/W2350665531","https://openalex.org/W2906160980","https://openalex.org/W2088556730","https://openalex.org/W4382407680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,19],"paper,":[2],"accounting":[3,50],"policies":[4,138],"explicitly":[5],"control":[6],"resource":[7,17,69,107],"usage":[8],"within":[9,66],"a":[10,15,53,67],"contract":[11,47,91],"architecture.":[12],"Combined":[13],"with":[14,56],"virtual":[16],"economy,":[18,70],"allows":[20],"efficient":[21],"exchange":[22],"of":[23,100],"high-level":[24],"computer":[25],"services":[26,31],"between":[27],"untrustworthy":[28],"participants.":[29],"These":[30],"are":[32,78,117],"specified":[33],"as":[34,126],"contracts,":[35,106],"which":[36,72,116,144],"must":[37],"be":[38],"signed":[39],"by":[40],"the":[41,127],"participants":[42,130],"to":[43,146],"take":[44,132],"effect.":[45],"Each":[46],"expresses":[48],"its":[49],"policy":[51],"using":[52],"limited":[54],"language,":[55],"high":[57],"expressiveness":[58],"but":[59],"predictable":[60],"execution":[61],"times.":[62],"This":[63],"is":[64],"evaluated":[65],"novel":[68],"in":[71],"physical":[73],"resources,":[74],"trust":[75,83,93,102,109],"and":[76,108,114,139,141],"money":[77],"treated":[79],"homogeneously.":[80],"A":[81],"second-order":[82],"model":[84],"continually":[85],"updates":[86],"trustworthiness":[87],"opinions,":[88],"based":[89,135],"on":[90,136],"performance;":[92],"delegation":[94],"certificates":[95],"support":[96],"flexible,":[97],"distributed":[98,122],"extension":[99],"these":[101],"relationships.":[103],"The":[104],"introspectible":[105],"models":[110],"together":[111],"provide":[112],"accountability":[113],"resilience,":[115],"particularly":[118],"important":[119],"for":[120],"large-scale":[121],"computation":[123],"initiatives":[124],"such":[125],"Grid.":[128],"Thus":[129],"can":[131],"calculated":[133],"risks,":[134],"expressed":[137],"trust,":[140],"rationally":[142],"choose":[143],"contracts":[145],"perform.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}