{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411232514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028554","title":"Indoor Localization Based on Machine Learning-Assisted PDR and Signals of Opportunity From Ambient Generic BLE Devices","display_name":"Indoor Localization Based on Machine Learning-Assisted PDR and Signals of Opportunity From Ambient Generic BLE Devices","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411232514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028554","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068643895","display_name":"Masakatsu Kourogi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masakatsu Kourogi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064941052","display_name":"Akihiro Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-6718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akihiro Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043242561","display_name":"Satoki Ogiso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1338-3795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoki Ogiso","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009328118","display_name":"Ryosuke Ichikari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-0538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryosuke Ichikari","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053971918","display_name":"Takashi Okuma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7135-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Okuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technlogoy,Human Augmentation Research Center,Kashiwa,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068643895"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14393244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"992","last_page":"997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7256721258163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-intelligence","display_name":"Ambient intelligence","score":0.44750815629959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.36424338817596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.324581116437912}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7256721258163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201638289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457396","display_name":"Ambient intelligence","level":2,"score":0.44750815629959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36424338817596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.324581116437912}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028554","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044239472","https://openalex.org/W2044831755","https://openalex.org/W2105061875","https://openalex.org/W2169724204","https://openalex.org/W2417291942","https://openalex.org/W2799428432","https://openalex.org/W2921149917","https://openalex.org/W2962994355","https://openalex.org/W3087093679","https://openalex.org/W3090160518","https://openalex.org/W3099166250","https://openalex.org/W3129621953","https://openalex.org/W3148091947","https://openalex.org/W4239287149","https://openalex.org/W4312298166","https://openalex.org/W4379876654","https://openalex.org/W4379876734","https://openalex.org/W4403427092","https://openalex.org/W4403427190","https://openalex.org/W4403428004","https://openalex.org/W6730500219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4394991182","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2482883884","https://openalex.org/W2004729400","https://openalex.org/W4396701345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"we":[3],"explored":[4],"a":[5,55],"method":[6,42,79],"for":[7,128],"indoor":[8],"localization":[9,108,126],"of":[10,48,73,83,109],"smartphones":[11,111,129],"equipped":[12],"with":[13,30,45,65,141],"Inertial":[14],"Measurement":[15],"Units":[16],"(IMUs)":[17],"and":[18,33,91,138],"Bluetooth":[19],"Low":[20],"Energy":[21],"(BLE)":[22],"capabilities":[23],"by":[24],"combining":[25],"Pedestrian":[26],"Dead":[27],"Reckoning":[28],"(PDR)":[29],"machine":[31,56],"learning":[32],"opportunistic":[34],"signals":[35],"from":[36],"ambient,":[37],"generic":[38],"BLE":[39,66,74,84,92,96,116,139,144],"devices.":[40],"This":[41],"employs":[43],"PDR":[44,137],"short-term":[46],"integration":[47],"acceleration":[49],"data,":[50],"which":[51],"is":[52],"corrected":[53],"using":[54,136],"learning-based":[57],"speed":[58],"estimation,":[59],"to":[60],"generate":[61],"first-generation":[62],"absolute":[63,107],"trajectories":[64,90],"scans":[67,140],"in":[68],"environments":[69],"where":[70],"the":[71,81,95,110,115,124,142],"locations":[72,82,98],"devices":[75,85],"are":[76,99],"unknown.":[77],"The":[78],"estimates":[80],"solely":[86],"based":[87],"on":[88],"these":[89],"scans.":[93],"Once":[94],"device":[97,117,145],"estimated,":[100],"subsequent":[101],"smartphone":[102],"walkthroughs":[103],"not":[104],"only":[105],"enable":[106],"but":[112],"also":[113],"refine":[114],"locations.":[118,146],"Early":[119],"experimental":[120],"results":[121],"showed":[122],"that":[123],"typical":[125],"error":[127],"was":[130],"less":[131],"than":[132],"2":[133],"meters":[134],"when":[135],"estimated":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}