{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411232390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028352","title":"Exploring Lidar Resilience: A Review of Spoofing Threats in Autonomous Driving","display_name":"Exploring Lidar Resilience: A Review of Spoofing Threats in Autonomous Driving","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411232390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028352","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118130204","display_name":"Mihir Nemana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihir Nemana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Chicago,U.S"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Chicago,U.S","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030510788","display_name":"Kana Nagai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kana Nagai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Chicago,U.S"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Chicago,U.S","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037958776","display_name":"Samer Khanafseh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samer Khanafseh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Chicago,U.S"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Chicago,U.S","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009753213","display_name":"Boris Pervan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-2499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boris Pervan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Chicago,U.S"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology,Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Chicago,U.S","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"870","last_page":"877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9545000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.7916848659515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7423856258392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.7027615904808044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5583820343017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49416759610176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3750099539756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3719594478607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2512381076812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06707271933555603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.7916848659515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7423856258392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.7027615904808044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5583820343017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49416759610176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3750099539756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3719594478607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2512381076812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06707271933555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028352","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179122090","https://openalex.org/W1563662930","https://openalex.org/W1567242735","https://openalex.org/W2021063678","https://openalex.org/W2028573862","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2113551198","https://openalex.org/W2246877770","https://openalex.org/W2740156952","https://openalex.org/W2740323046","https://openalex.org/W2745638552","https://openalex.org/W2770866044","https://openalex.org/W2890986599","https://openalex.org/W3095323326","https://openalex.org/W3103406720","https://openalex.org/W3123432623","https://openalex.org/W3187867541","https://openalex.org/W3191811948","https://openalex.org/W3206742970","https://openalex.org/W4214748362","https://openalex.org/W4306887028","https://openalex.org/W4313491043","https://openalex.org/W4390941530","https://openalex.org/W4391179633","https://openalex.org/W4391725279","https://openalex.org/W4396950895","https://openalex.org/W4399213625","https://openalex.org/W4403427756","https://openalex.org/W6780439892","https://openalex.org/W6846308036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W4406302447","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421","https://openalex.org/W4388934690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"Driving":[1],"Systems":[2],"heavily":[3],"rely":[4],"on":[5,71],"Lidar":[6,61],"for":[7,40],"tasks":[8],"like":[9],"mapping,":[10],"localization,":[11],"and":[12,28,49,67,78],"object":[13],"detection,":[14],"especially":[15],"in":[16,42],"GNSS-denied":[17],"environments.":[18],"However,":[19],"these":[20,86],"systems":[21],"remain":[22],"vulnerable":[23],"to":[24,31,52,81],"cyberattacks,":[25],"including":[26],"spoofing":[27,64,76],"interference,":[29],"due":[30],"Lidar\u2019s":[32],"inherent":[33],"limitations.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"highlights":[37],"the":[38,83],"need":[39],"resilience":[41],"safety":[43],"critical":[44],"applications":[45],"where":[46],"navigation":[47],"integrity":[48],"continuity":[50],"needs":[51],"be":[53],"maintained":[54],"even":[55],"under":[56],"adversarial":[57],"conditions.":[58],"We":[59],"survey":[60],"vulnerabilities,":[62],"explore":[63],"attack":[65],"mechanisms,":[66],"outline":[68],"future":[69],"work":[70],"mitigation":[72],"strategies,":[73],"such":[74],"as":[75],"detection":[77],"system":[79],"augmentation,":[80],"enhance":[82],"reliability":[84],"of":[85],"systems.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
