{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411232655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028298","title":"Temporal Modeling and Prediction of Global Ionospheric Total Electron Content: A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Approaches","display_name":"Temporal Modeling and Prediction of Global Ionospheric Total Electron Content: A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Approaches","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411232655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000043123","display_name":"X. Bu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinran Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University,School of Software,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University,School of Software,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101593687","display_name":"Zheng Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-816X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University,School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University,School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009217816","display_name":"Kun\u2010Lin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-9334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunlin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University,School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University,School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019761401","display_name":"Yifei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-4208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University,School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University,School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100324346","display_name":"Yufei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-5888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153792","display_name":"University School","ror":"https://ror.org/05ap66461","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University,School of Mechanical Engineering,New York,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University,School of Mechanical Engineering,New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930","https://openalex.org/I4210153792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044418682","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1793-0645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University & Marconi Lab, Science Technology and Innovation Section, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics,School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University & Marconi Lab, Science Technology and Innovation Section, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics,School of Instrumentation and Opto-Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000043123"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18894044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1161","last_page":"1169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11786","display_name":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.643182635307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5629483461380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.484063059091568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-electron-content","display_name":"Total electron content","score":0.4512353539466858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.1808198094367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1233663260936737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tec","display_name":"TEC","score":0.1210581362247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1095593273639679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.643182635307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5629483461380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.484063059091568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165391973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844304","display_name":"Total electron content","level":4,"score":0.4512353539466858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.1808198094367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1233663260936737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176379880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031939","display_name":"TEC","level":3,"score":0.1210581362247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1095593273639679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322108","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545415609","https://openalex.org/W2021594447","https://openalex.org/W2058160370","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2153105094","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2161528515","https://openalex.org/W2914767245","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W3036720214","https://openalex.org/W4283718719","https://openalex.org/W4309717840","https://openalex.org/W4322623400","https://openalex.org/W4380366034","https://openalex.org/W4383218913","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386162163","https://openalex.org/W4386235927","https://openalex.org/W4389485612","https://openalex.org/W4392543363","https://openalex.org/W4396753644","https://openalex.org/W4404843655","https://openalex.org/W4405031167","https://openalex.org/W6623268575","https://openalex.org/W6629668936","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6846825190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989070650","https://openalex.org/W2550010074","https://openalex.org/W2995463382","https://openalex.org/W2038143119","https://openalex.org/W4387332347","https://openalex.org/W1992137669","https://openalex.org/W2593433015","https://openalex.org/W2986635077","https://openalex.org/W2770061914","https://openalex.org/W2904686702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,80,115],"ionosphere":[1,34],"serves":[2],"as":[3],"an":[4],"important":[5],"part":[6],"of":[7,54,59,96,107,140,181,187,193,201],"the":[8,55,60,64,105,119,123,134,138,185,188,191,197],"Earth\u2019s":[9],"atmosphere":[10],"and":[11,17,78,130,145,154,168,196,199],"significantly":[12],"impacts":[13],"radio":[14],"wave":[15],"propagation":[16],"global":[18],"navigation":[19],"satellite":[20],"systems":[21],"(GNSS).":[22],"total":[24],"electron":[25],"content":[26],"(TEC)":[27],"is":[28,180],"a":[29,83],"key":[30],"parameter":[31],"for":[32,112,176,184],"studying":[33],"morphology.":[35],"Traditional":[36],"TEC":[37,70,88,113],"prediction":[38,71,127,136,200],"methods":[39],"perform":[40],"well":[41],"when":[42],"dealing":[43],"with":[44,133],"steady":[45],"or":[46],"periodic":[47],"variations":[48,99],"but":[49],"have":[50],"limitations":[51],"in":[52,126],"face":[53],"highly":[56],"dynamic":[57],"variability":[58],"ionosphere.":[61],"To":[62],"address":[63],"problem,":[65],"this":[66],"work":[67,172],"focuses":[68],"on":[69],"using":[72],"deep":[73,109],"learning":[74,95,110],"models:":[75],"Transformer,":[76],"CNN-BiLSTN-Attention,":[77],"PatchTST.":[79],"PatchTST":[81,120],"introduces":[82],"segmentation":[84],"strategy":[85],"to":[86,160],"decompose":[87],"sequences":[89],"into":[90],"localized":[91],"patches,":[92],"enabling":[93],"efficient":[94],"multi-scale":[97],"ionospheric":[98],"through":[100],"self-attention":[101],"mechanisms.":[102],"We":[103],"compare":[104],"performance":[106],"three":[108],"networks":[111],"prediction.":[114],"results":[116],"show":[117],"that":[118],"model":[121],"outperforms":[122],"other":[124],"models":[125],"accuracy,":[128,195],"adaptability,":[129],"computational":[131],"efficiency,":[132],"smallest":[135],"error(RMSE=2.12TECU),":[137],"degree":[139],"concordance(R-square=0.844),":[141],"exhibiting":[142],"strong":[143],"robustness":[144],"reliability.":[146],"However,":[147],"CNN-BiLSTM-Attention":[148],"performs":[149],"optimally":[150],"during":[151],"space":[152,202],"weather":[153],"high":[155],"solar":[156],"activity":[157],"periods":[158],"due":[159],"its":[161],"hybrid":[162],"architecture":[163],"combining":[164],"spatial":[165],"feature":[166],"extraction":[167],"temporal":[169],"memory.":[170],"This":[171],"provides":[173],"new":[174],"perspectives":[175],"related":[177],"fields,":[178],"which":[179],"great":[182],"significance":[183],"optimization":[186],"GNSS":[189],"system,":[190],"improvement":[192],"positioning":[194],"monitoring":[198],"weather.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}